Carbonic anhydrase 9
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Lua error in Module:Infobox_gene at line 33: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9/CAIX) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CA9 gene.[1][2][3]
Function
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. They show extensive diversity in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization.[3]
Clinical significance
CAIX is a transmembrane protein and is a tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme. It is over-expressed in VHL mutated clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and hypoxic solid tumors, but is low-expressed in normal kidney and most other normal tissues. It may be involved in cell proliferation and transformation. This gene is mapped to 9p13-p12.[3]
CAIX is a cellular biomarkers of hypoxia. Furthermore, recent studies examining the association between CAIX levels and various clinicopathological outcomes suggest that CAIX expression may also be a valuable prognostic indicator for overall survival[4] although this association has been questioned.[5]
As a drug target
Girentuximab, an antibody to carbonic anhydrase IX, is an investigational agent in clinical trials for renal cell carcinoma.[6]
References
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Further reading
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