Türkmenbaşy, Turkmenistan
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| Türkmenbaşy | |
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Türkmenbaşy
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 Türkmenbaşy
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| Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. | |
| Country |  Turkmenistan |
| Province | Balkan |
| Population (2010) | |
| • Total | 73 000 |
| Time zone | UTC+5 |
| Area code(s) | 993 243 XXXXX |
Türkmenbaşy (also spelled Turkmenbashi), formerly known as Krasnovodsk (Russian: Красноводск) and Kyzyl-Su, is a city in Balkan Province in Turkmenistan, on the Krasnovodsk Gulf of the Caspian Sea. It sits at an elevation of 27 metres (89 feet).[citation needed] The population (est 2004) was 86,800, mostly ethnic Russian, Armenians and Azeri. As the terminus of the Trans-Caspian Railway, it was an important transportation center.
Contents
History
In 1717, Russian Prince Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky landed and established a secret fortified settlement on this location, where the dry bed of a former mouth of the Amu-Darya River once emptied into the Caspian Sea. His intent was to march an army up this dry riverbed and conquer the Khanate of Khiva. The expedition failed, and the Russians abandoned the settlement for over 150 years.
Krasnovodsk
,_Turkmenistan_(1902).jpg)
In 1869, the Russians invaded a second time. They named their fort Krasnovodsk (Красноводск), which is the Russian version of the original name, Kyzyl-Su (Red Water). Krasnovodsk was Imperial Russia's base of operations against Khiva and Bukhara, and the nomadic Turkmen tribes.
The railway had originally begun from Uzun-Ada on the Caspian Sea, but the terminus was shifted north to the harbour at Krasnovodsk.[1]
It fell to the Red Army in February, 1920.
November 21, 1939 was formed Krasnovodsk Oblast with the administrative center in Krasnovodsk, she repeatedly liquidated and restored (January 23, 1947 liquidated; April 4, 1952 restored; December 9, 1955 liquidated; December 27, 1973 restored; August 25, 1988 eliminated).
Türkmenbaşy
January 10, 1991 in the former Krasnovodsk region formed Balkan Region (May 18, 1992 - velayat) with the center in Balkanabat. In 1993, Krasnovodsk was renamed by President for Life Saparmurat Niyazov, after his self-proclaimed title Türkmenbaşy ("Leader of all Turkmen").
Second President of Turkmenistan Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow pledged, in July 2007, to invest one billion dollars into a project slated to turn Türkmenbaşy into a major tourist resort – the center of the Avaza Tourist Zone with 60 modern hotels to be built along a 16 km (10 mi) stretch of the Caspian Sea shoreline.[2][3] The Türkmenbaşy city has two modern hotels - Türkmenbashi Hotel and Charlak Hotel and old soviet Hazar Hotel.
In recent years, the city made large-scale reconstruction historic district, entrance roads, vital infrastructure.[4] A new Turkish Park and the cascade of fountains.[5] At the end of 2012 has been completely renovated Magtymguly Avenue, the new route merged with the city's waterfront Bahry Hazar, providing the west motorway junction Balykçy double out of the city along the dike, paved across the Soymonov bay speed motorway Turkmenbashi Airport—Awaza.[6] In 2014, it was renovated the Oilworkers Palace of Culture, which was built in 1951.[7]
The city housed the State Service of Maritime and River Transport of Turkmenistan, part of the Government of Turkmenistan.[8]
Administrative divisions
In July 2013 as part of the city of Turkmenbashi was created two etraps - Avaza Etrap and Kenar Etrap.[9] In Avaza Etrap, an area of 9660 hectares and includes the national tourist zone Avaza, Turkmenbashi International Airport and a few small towns. In Kenar Etrap, an area of 7262 hectares, entered the main part of the city of Turkmenbashi and the territory of the village of Kenar.[10]
Geography
Climate
Türkmenbaşy has a desert climate (BWk, according to the Köppen climate classification), with hot summers and chilly winters. The average temperatures are 3 °C in January and 28 °C in July. The average annual precipitation is 125 mm (5 in).
| Climate data for Türkmenbaşy | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 20.7 (69.3) |
23.3 (73.9) |
29.0 (84.2) |
36.0 (96.8) |
40.7 (105.3) |
42.4 (108.3) |
44.7 (112.5) |
44.5 (112.1) |
43.5 (110.3) |
33.4 (92.1) |
28.1 (82.6) |
24.6 (76.3) |
44.7 (112.5) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 7.8 (46) |
8.7 (47.7) |
13.1 (55.6) |
19.9 (67.8) |
25.8 (78.4) |
31.6 (88.9) |
34.6 (94.3) |
34.5 (94.1) |
29.3 (84.7) |
21.5 (70.7) |
14.2 (57.6) |
9.1 (48.4) |
20.8 (69.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.3 (37.9) |
3.9 (39) |
7.7 (45.9) |
13.7 (56.7) |
19.5 (67.1) |
25.1 (77.2) |
28.2 (82.8) |
28.0 (82.4) |
22.7 (72.9) |
15.4 (59.7) |
9.3 (48.7) |
4.9 (40.8) |
15.1 (59.2) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −0.3 (31.5) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
3.2 (37.8) |
8.5 (47.3) |
13.6 (56.5) |
18.9 (66) |
22.2 (72) |
22.0 (71.6) |
16.7 (62.1) |
10.0 (50) |
5.0 (41) |
1.2 (34.2) |
10.1 (50.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −21.5 (−6.7) |
−21.9 (−7.4) |
−12.6 (9.3) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
0.9 (33.6) |
6.6 (43.9) |
14.1 (57.4) |
10.2 (50.4) |
3.3 (37.9) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
−12.1 (10.2) |
−16.3 (2.7) |
−21.9 (−7.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 12 (0.47) |
13 (0.51) |
17 (0.67) |
16 (0.63) |
9 (0.35) |
3 (0.12) |
2 (0.08) |
5 (0.2) |
5 (0.2) |
11 (0.43) |
19 (0.75) |
13 (0.51) |
125 (4.92) |
| Average rainy days | 8 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 71 |
| Average snowy days | 3 | 4 | 1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 2 | 10 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 76 | 72 | 68 | 63 | 56 | 49 | 49 | 44 | 46 | 58 | 72 | 75 | 61 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 136.6 | 139.0 | 172.6 | 227.0 | 303.2 | 347.0 | 344.0 | 330.2 | 294.1 | 228.8 | 161.9 | 124.0 | 2,808.4 |
| Source #1: Pogoda.ru.net [11] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: NOAA[12] | |||||||||||||
Transport
The city is important as transport junction, formed by sea port with ferry terminal, airport and railway station.[13] It runs through the city M37 highway linking Garabogaz, Ashgabat and Bukhara.
Türkmenbaşy is Turkmenistan's only port and sea link to the West. A ferry service connects Türkmenbaşy to Baku, Azerbaijan. It is the western terminus of the Trans-Caspian railway, which connects the city to Turkmenistan's capital Ashgabat and points further east, Turkmenbashi railway station was built in 1895. The city is also connected to Ashgabat by bus.
Turkmenbashi International Airport
Initially Turkmenbashi Airport in 1940 was located at the bottom of the plateau, near Krasnovodsk hospital. During World War II he was transferred to the top plateaus and the airfield was co-location with the Soviet Air Force. As an independent unit exists since 1959, after the creation of the 225th separate united air-squadron. In 2010 Turkmenbashi airport was reconstructed and gained international status. It has two runways.[14] Turkmenistan Airlines provides direct flights from Turkmenbashi Airport to Ashgabat, Daşoguz, Mary, Istanbul and Türkmenabat. To the airport from the city can be reached by car or bus. Time to town by car takes 10–15 minutes.
Economy
Western Turkmenistan has major petroleum and natural gas reserves, and Turkmenistan's largest oil refinery is in Türkmenbaşy.
Religion
Russian Orthodox Church
The Church of St. Michael the Archangel is a gift of the Astrakhan diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church.[15] In 1895 he was transferred to the city of Krasnovodsk by Russian soldiers from a flooded peninsula Uzun Ada.[16]
Armenian Apostolic Church
The church was built in 1903, now it does not work and needs a major renovation.[17]
Sport
The city has a Şagadam Stadium which is based on the professional football club Şagadam FK.[18]
Cellular
The city has two mobile operator: Altyn Asyr which started to work from 2007, since 2010 a network of have 4G technology with LTE, the 4G network covers all areas of the city and the Turkmenbashi International Airport. There is also work a Russian mobile operator MTS Turkmenistan.[19]
Sights
- Museum of Regional History
- Gate to former Krasnovodsk fort
- Beaches
- Khazar Nature Reserve
- Natural History Museum
International relations
Consulates
Two consulates general are found in Türkmenbaşy.
Consulate of Russia
Consulate of Kazakhstan[20]
Twin towns – Sister cities
References
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<references />, or <references group="..." />External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Türkmenbaşy, Turkmenistan. |
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Wikivoyage has a travel guide for [[Wikivoyage:Turkmenbashi#Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 863: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).|Turkmenbashi]]. |
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Capital: Ashgabat
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Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=D6Q6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA317#v=onepage&q&f=false
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Avaza Tourist Zone around Turkmenbashi
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ [2]
- ↑ [3]
- ↑ [4]
- ↑ [5]
- ↑ [6]
- ↑ [7]
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ [8]
- ↑ [9]
- ↑ [10]
- ↑ [11]
- ↑ [12]
- ↑ [13]
- ↑ [14]
- ↑ [15]
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Latvian) (English)
- Pages with reference errors
- Articles containing Russian-language text
- Articles with unsourced statements from March 2014
- Commons category link is locally defined
- Populated places in Balkan Province
- Transcaspian Oblast
- Populated places on the Caspian Sea
- Populated places established in 1869
- Populated coastal places in Turkmenistan
- 1869 establishments in Russia
- Articles with Latvian-language external links
