List of massacres in the United States
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This is a list of massacres in the United States; death tolls may be approximate.
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- For Single perpetrator events and shooting sprees, see Lists of rampage killers and Category:Spree shootings in the United States
- For School shootings, see List of school shootings in the United States.
- For Race riots, see Mass racial violence in the United States.
- For Indian massacres, see Indian massacres.
- For Terrorism deaths, see List of terrorist incidents in the United States.
- For Labor dispute deaths, see Murder of workers in labor disputes in the United States.
- For Serial killers, see List of serial killers in the United States.
Name | Date | Location | State | Deaths | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Guadalupe Canyon massacre | 1881 Aug 13 | Guadalupe Mountains, Arizona Territory | Arizona | 5 | 1 wounded; cowboys ambushed while sleeping. Perpetrators disputed.[1] |
Chinese massacre | 1871 Oct 24 | Los Angeles, California | California | >18 | Killed by hanging and unknown injured in ethnic white mob violence against people and property in Chinatown.[2][3] |
Pinhook Massacre | 1881 June 1 | Southeastern Utah | Utah | 13 | Started when Ute Indians allegedly killed ranchers and stole horses in Colorado. As the Ute moved into the southeastern Utah, a battle between the Indians and a band of ranchers and cowboys who blamed Utes for the loss of their livestock was fought, resulting in the death of 13 cowboys in the gunfight.[4] |
Golden Dragon massacre | 1977 Sep 4 | San Francisco | California | 5 | 11 injured.[5] |
Bloody Island Massacre | 1850 May 15 | Clear Lake | California | 60-100 | Retaliation by a Cavalry Regiment of the US Army for the murder of Frontiersman Andrew Kelsey and Charles Stone. |
Ludlow Massacre | 1914 Apr 20 | Ludlow | Colorado | 19 | Killed by Colorado National Guard and Colorado Fuel & Iron Company camp guards on a tent colony of 1,200 striking coal miners and their families, many of whom were immigrants or minorities.[6] |
Columbine Mine massacre | 1927 Nov 21 | Serene | Colorado | 6 | Miners killed with machine guns during coal mine strike.[7] |
Rosewood massacre | 1923 Jan | Rosewood | Florida | 8 | The entire population of African-Americans in and near Rosewood, about 350, were forced from their homes and never returned.[8] |
Hanapepe massacre | 1924 Sep 9 | Hanapepe | Hawaii | 20 | 101 arrested.[9] |
Haymarket affair | 1886 May 4 | Chicago | Illinois | 11 | More than 130 injured by dynamite bomb and crossfire of bullets.[10] |
Herrin massacre | 1922 Jun 21 | Herrin | Illinois | 23 | Strikebreakers and union guards at coal mine.[11] |
Saint Valentine's Day Massacre | 1929 Feb 14 | Chicago | Illinois | 7 | Prohibition gang killing.[12] |
Brown's Chicken Massacre | 1994 Feb 14 | Palatine | Illinois | 7 | Store robbery with murder. |
Villisca Massacre | 1912 Jun 10 | Villisca | Iowa | 8 | Unsolved axe murders of members of 2 families.[13][14][15] |
Pottawatomie massacre | 1856 May 24–25 | Franklin County | Kansas | 5 | John Brown and followers killed 5 pro-slavery Kansans.[16][17] |
Marais des Cygnes massacre | 1858 May 19 | Linn County | Kansas | 5 | Last major outbreak of violence in Bleeding Kansas.[18] |
Lawrence Massacre | 1863 Aug 21 | Douglas County | Kansas | 185-200 | Confederates killed civilians and burned a quarter of the town.[19] |
Wichita Massacre | 2000 Dec 8-14 | Wichita | Kansas | 5 | Two brothers committed multiple acts of assault, robbery, rape and the murder of several people over the course of a week.[20] |
Bloody Monday | 1855 Aug 6 | Louisville | Kentucky | >22 | Scores injured in religious mob violence and arson.[21] |
Colfax massacre | 1873 Apr 13 | Colfax | Louisiana | 83-153 | Blacks killed at courthouse and as prisoners afterwards.[22] |
Coushatta massacre | 1874 Aug | Coushatta | Louisiana | 11-26 | Six whites, remainder black killed as political intimidation.[23][24] |
Thibodaux massacre | 1887 Nov 22 | Thibodaux | Louisiana | >35 | Perhaps as many as 300 killed, 5+ injuries to striking black sugar-cane workers.[25][26] |
Boston Massacre | 1770 Mar 5 | Boston | Massachusetts | 5 | 11 civilians injured by British Army soldiers.[27] |
Haun's Mill massacre | 1838 Oct 30 | Fairview Township | Missouri | 19 | Mob/militia attacked Mormons.[28] |
Kansas City massacre | 1933 Jun 17 | Kansas City | Missouri | 5 | The dead include law enforcement officers and a criminal fugitive shot by members of a gang.[29] |
Sacking of Osceola | 1861 Sep 23 | Osceola | Missouri | 9 | Tried by drumhead court martial and executed, town of 3,000 sacked and burned in a raid by Jim Lane's Kansas Brigade.[30][better source needed] |
Centralia Massacre | 1864 Sep 27 | Centralia | Missouri | 24 | Unarmed U.S. soldiers murdered by their Confederate captors including Jesse James. 123 killed in ensuing Battle of Centralia.[31] |
Baylor Massacre | 1778 Sep 27 | River Vale | New Jersey | 15 | 54 captured or wounded by British.[32] |
Greensboro Massacre | 1979 Nov 3 | Greensboro, North Carolina | North Carolina | 5 | Violent clash between Ku Klux Klan and Communist Workers' Party demonstration. |
Shelton Laurel Massacre | 1863 Jan 18 | Madison County | North Carolina | 13 | Unarmed Unionists, including three boys, were shot by Confederates after capture.[33] |
Greenwood Massacre | 1921 May 31 and Jun 1 | City of Tulsa, | Oklahoma | 39-300 | ≥800 wounded. One of the nation's worst incidents of racial violence. |
Cherokee Courthouse Shootout | 1872 Apr 15 | Tahlequah, Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma) | Oklahoma | 11 | Died in a shoot out in a crowded courtroom, the dead included 8 Deputy US Marshals and 3 Cherokee citizens. Six Cherokee were wounded including the defendant and the judge.[34] |
Chinese Massacre Cove | 1887 May | Wallowa County | Oregon | 10-34 | Chinese gold miners ambushed and murdered by a gang of horse thieves. |
Paoli massacre | 1777 Sep 20 | near Paoli | Pennsylvania | 200 | Patriots under command of General Anthony Wayne killed by British Soldiers under command of General Charles Grey. |
Lattimer massacre | 1897 Sep 10 | near Hazleton | Pennsylvania | 19 | Coal miners killed by sheriff's posse. |
Ponce massacre | 1937 Mar 21 | Ponce | Puerto Rico | 19 | protestors killed by police |
Hamburg Massacre | 1876 Jul 4 | Hamburg | South Carolina | 7 | Town looted in a racially motivated incident during Reconstruction. |
Waxhaw Massacre | 1780 May 29 | Lancaster | South Carolina | 118 | 150 wounded, 53 captured by British against American Revolutionary soldiers. |
Fort Pillow massacre | 1864 Apr 12 | Henning | Tennessee | 297 | 277 Federal black troops by Confederate soldiers. |
Dawson Massacre | 1842 Sep 17 | near San Antonio de Bexar | Texas | 36 | 15 injured Americans killed by Mexican artillery fire after raising white flag. |
Goliad massacre | 1836 Mar 27 | Goliad | Texas | >300 | 28 escaped, 100 spared as prisoners in mass killing ordered by Antonio López de Santa Anna. |
Killough Massacre | 1838 Oct 5 | Larissa | Texas | 18 | 7 escaped from Cherokee Indians. |
Nueces massacre | 1862 Aug 10 | Kinney County | Texas | 34 | German Texans killed by Confederate soldiers. |
Fort Parker massacre | 1836 May 19 | Groesbeck | Texas | 5 | 5 captured by Peta Nocona and a band of Comanche and members of 3 other tribes. |
Mountain Meadows massacre | 1857 Sep 7–11 | Mountain Meadows, Utah Territory | Utah | 100-140 | Emigrant wagon train annihilated by the Mormon Utah Territorial Militia and some Paiute Native Americans. |
Midnight Massacre | 1945 Jul 7–8 | Salina, Utah | Utah | 9 | German POWs killed by an American guard |
Saltville massacre | 1864 Oct 2-3 | Saltville | Virginia | 45-50 | Wounded/captured Federal black troops by Confederate soldiers and guerrillas.[35] |
Everett massacre | 1916 Nov 5 | Everett | Washington | 5 | 27 injured and scores of labor unionists arrested by police and vigilantes. |
Centralia Massacre | 1919 Nov 11 | Centralia | Washington | 6 | Many injured in a street conflict between American Legion and Industrial Workers of the World members. |
Wah Mee massacre | 1983 Feb 18 | Seattle | Washington | 13 | 1 injured by 3 perpetrators during an armed robbery. |
Matewan Massacre | 1920 May 19 | Matewan | West Virginia | 11 | The confrontation resulted in the deaths of Matewan Mayor Cabell Testerman, two striking coal miners, seven men from the Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, and an unarmed bystander. |
Bay View Massacre | 1886 May 5 | Bay View | Wisconsin | 7 | Labor protesters killed by National Guardsmen. |
Rock Springs massacre | 1885 Sep 2 | Rock Springs | Wyoming | 28 | 15 injured in a racial dispute between white and Chinese miners. |
See also
References
- ↑ Traywick, Ben T., Wyatt Earp's Thirteen Dead Men: Chapter 6, The Tombstone News, accessdate 26 December 2012.
- ↑ Zesch, Scott, "Chinese Los Angeles in 1870—1871: The Makings of a Massacre", Southern California Quarterly, 90 (Summer 2008), 109-158
- ↑ De Falla, Paul M., "Lantern in the Western Sky", The Historical Society of Southern California Quarterly, 42 (March 1960), 57-88 (Part I), and 42 (June 1960), 161-185 (Part II)
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Mullen, Kevin J., Chinatown Squad: Policing the Dragon from the Gold Rush to the 21st Century 978-0926664104 - 208 pages Noir Publications, 1 September 2008
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ D'Orso, Michael (1996). Like Judgment Day: The Ruin and Redemption of a Town Called Rosewood, Grosset/Putnam. ISBN 0-399-14147-2
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Paul M. Angle, Bloody Williamson: A Chapter in American Lawlessness, University of Illinois Press, 1992, page 294
- ↑ Taylor, Troy 2008. Blood, Roses and Valentines: The haunted history of the St. Valentine's Day Massacre, accessdate 27 December 2012
- ↑ PDF He said he killed eight at God's command: Iowa preacher studying sermon on 'slay utterly' when impulse to slay seized him. New York Times, 2 September 1917, accessdate 28 December 2012
- ↑ Villisca Axe Murders, 1912, accessdate 28 December 2012.
- ↑ Carlson, Mark, 100 Years After Iowa Ax Murders, Case Remains Unsolved KCRG ABC, accessdate 28 December 2012.
- ↑ PBS Online. People & Events: Pottawatomie Massacre "John Brown's Holy War." The American Experience. WGBH, 1999, accessdate 28 December 2012.
- ↑ Reynolds, David S. John Brown, Abolitionist: The Man Who Killed Slavery, Sparked the Civil War, and Seeded Civil Rights. New York: Vintage, 2005. ISBN 0-375-41188-7.
- ↑ Kansas Historical Society. Marais des Cygnes Massacre site, June 2011, accessdate 28 December 2012.
- ↑ Goodrich, Thomas. Bloody Dawn: The Story of the Lawrence Massacre. Kent State University Press 12 December 1992. 978-0873384766. 207 pages.
- ↑ Crime Library. The Wichita Horror, accessdate 25 October 2014.
- ↑ Hutcheon, Wallace S., Jr., The Louisville Riots of August, 1855. Register of the Kentucky Historical Society, 69 (1971), pp. 150-72
- ↑ Lane, Charles, The Day Freedom Died: The Colfax Massacre, the Supreme Court, and the Betrayal of Reconstruction, Henry Holt & Company, New York. 2008. pp. 54–56
- ↑ Alexander, Danielle "Forty Acres and a Mule: The Ruined Hope of Reconstruction", Humanities, January/February 2004, Vol.25/No. 1., accessdate 14 Apr 2008
- ↑ Shoalmire, Jimmy G., Carpetbagger Extraordinary: Marshall H. Twitchell, 1840-1905, dissertation at Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, 1969
- ↑ Bell, Ellen Baker, Thibodaux Massacre (1887), KnowLA Encyclopedia of Louisiana, 15 September 2011, accessdate 2 January 2013
- ↑ Rodrigue, John. Reconstruction in the Cane Fields: From Slavery to Free Labor in Louisiana’s Sugar Parishes, 1862–1880. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Original printing of the governor's account.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ FBI story of the Kansas City Massacre
- ↑ Sunderwith, Richard, The Burning of Osceola, Missouri
- ↑ Quantrell, Charles W., A History of His Guerrilla Warfare on the Missouri And Kansas Border During the Civil War, Kessinger Publishing, 1 March 2005, pages 175-176.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Paludan, Philip S. 1981. Victims: A True Story of the Civil War. Knoxville, Tennessee, The University of Tennessee Press. p. 144.
- ↑ Smith, Robert Barr, Blood Bath at Going Snake: The Cherokee Courtroom Shootout. , 2004. Wild West, History Net]
- ↑ "Was there a Saltville Massacre in 1864?" David Brown's analysis