Metal–air electrochemical cell
A metal–air electrochemical cell is an electrochemical cell that uses an anode made from pure metal and an external cathode of ambient air, typically with an aqueous electrolyte.[1][2]
Contents
Types
The Li–air battery discharge reaction between Li and oxygen Li2O, according to 4Li + O2 → 2Li2O, has an open-circuit voltage of 2.91 V and a theoretical specific energy of 5,210 watt-hours per kilogram (Wh/kg). Since oxygen is not stored in the battery, the theoretical specific energy excluding oxygen is 11,140 Wh/kg (40.1 MJ/kg). Compare this to the figure of 12,200 Wh/kg (44 MJ/kg) for gasoline (see Petrol energy content).
| Metal–air battery | Theoretical specific energy, Wh/kg (including oxygen) |
Theoretical specific energy, Wh/kg (excluding oxygen) |
Calculated open-circuit voltage, V |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aluminium–air | 4300[3] | 8140[4] | 1.2 |
| Germanium–air | 1480 | 7850 | 1 |
| Calcium-air | 2990 | 4180 | 3.12 |
| Iron–air | 1870 | 14730 | 1.3 |
| Lithium–air | 5210 | 11140 | 2.91 |
| Magnesium–air | 2789 | 6462 | 2.93 |
| Potassium-air | 935[5][6] | 1700[Note 1] | 2.48[5][6] |
| Sodium–air | 1677 | 2260 | 2.3[7][8] |
| Silicon–air | 6110 | 14230 | 1.6 |
| Tin–air at 1000 K [9] | 860 | 6250 | 0.95 |
| Zinc-air | 1090 | 1350 | 1.65 |
See also
References
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- ↑ Metal Air Batteries, Half a Fuel Cell?
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- ↑ HyungKuk Ju and Jaeyoung Lee*, High-temperature liquid Sn-air energy storage cell, Journal of Energy Chemistry, 24 (2015) 614.
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