1852–53 United States Senate elections

1852–53 United States Senate elections
20 of the 62 seats in the United States Senate (with special elections); 32 seats needed for a majority
	390px Results:; Democratic gain Democratic hold; Whig gain Whig hold; Know Nothing Gain Legislature failed to elect
Majority party before election; ; Democratic	Elected Majority party; ; Democratic

The 1852–53 United States Senate elections were elections which had the Democratic Party gain two seats in the United States Senate, and which coincided with the 1852 presidential election. Only six of the twenty senators up for election were re-elected.

As this election was prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, senators were chosen by state legislatures.

1 Results summary
2 Change in composition
- 2.1 Before the elections
- 2.2 As a result of the elections
3 Race summaries
- 3.1 Special elections during the 32nd Congress
- 3.2 Elections leading to the 33rd Congress
- 3.3 Elections during the 33rd Congress
4 Alabama
- 4.1 Alabama (Regular)
- 4.2 Alabama (Special, Class 3)
5 Arkansas
6 California (Special)
7 Connecticut (Special)
8 Delaware
9 Georgia
10 Illinois
11 Indiana (Special)
12 Iowa
13 Kentucky
14 Louisiana
- 14.1 Louisiana (Regular)
- 14.2 Louisiana (Special)
15 Maine
16 Massachusetts
17 Michigan
18 Mississippi
- 18.1 Mississippi (Special, Class 1)
- 18.2 Mississippi (Special, Class 2)
- 18.3 Mississippi (Regular)
19 New Hampshire
20 New Jersey
- 20.1 New Jersey (Regular)
- 20.2 New Jersey (Special)
21 North Carolina
22 Rhode Island
23 South Carolina
- 23.1 South Carolina (Special)
- 23.2 South Carolina (Regular)
24 Tennessee
25 Texas
26 Virginia
27 See also
28 Notes
29 References

Results summary

Senate Party Division, 33rd Congress (1853–1855)

Majority party: Democratic (35–38)
Minority party: Whig Party (19–17)
Other parties: Free Soiler (2–5); Know Nothing (1)
Vacant: 5–1
Total seats: 62

Change in composition

Before the elections

D₁
D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆	D₇	D₈	D₉	D₁₀	D₁₁
D₂₁ Ala. (sp) Ran	D₂₀ Ala. (reg) Ran	D₁₉	D₁₈	D₁₇	D₁₆	D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂
D₂₂ Ark. Ran	D₂₃ Ga. Unknown	D₂₄ Ill. Ran	D₂₅ Ind. (sp) Retired	D₂₆ Iowa Ran	D₂₇ La. (reg) Unknown	D₂₈ La. (sp) Resigned	D₂₉ Maine Retired	D₃₀ Mich. Retired	D₃₁ Miss. (sp 1) Unknown
Majority →									D₃₂ Miss. (sp 2) Miss. (reg) Resigned
FS₁	FS₂	Template:Party shading/Free Soil/active \| FS₃ N.H. Ran	V₂ Conn. (sp)	V₁ Calif. (sp)	D₃₆ Va. Ran	D₃₅ Texas Ran	D₃₄ S.C. (sp) Ran S.C. (reg) Unknown	D₃₃ N.J. (sp) Resigned	D₃₂ Miss. (sp 2) Miss. (reg) Resigned
W₂₁ Tenn. Ran	W₂₀ R.I. Unknown	W₁₉ N.C. Ran	W₁₈ N.J. (reg) Unknown	W₁₇ Mass. Retired	W₁₆ Ky. Retired	W₁₅ Del. Retired	W₁₄	W₁₃	W₁₂
W₂	W₃	W₄	W₅	W₆	W₇	W₈	W₉	W₁₀	W₁₁
W₁

As a result of the elections

D₁

D₂

D₃

D₄

D₅

D₆

D₇

D₈

D₉

D₁₀

D₁₁

D₂₁
Ala. (sp)
Elected^{[lower-alpha 1]}

D₂₀
Ala. (reg)

D Loss

Gain

D₁₉

D₁₈

D₁₇

D₁₆

D₁₅

D₁₄

D₁₃

D₁₂

D₂₂
Ark.
Re-elected

D₂₃
Calif. (sp)
Gain

D₂₄
Conn. (sp)
Gain

D₂₅
Ga.
Hold

D₂₆
Ill.
Re-elected

D₂₇
Ind. (sp)
Hold

D₂₈
Iowa
Re-elected

D₂₉
La. (sp)
Hold

D₃₀
Mich.
Hold

D₃₁
Miss. (sp 1)
Hold

Majority →

D₃₂
N.H.
Gain

V₂

Miss. (sp 2)
Gain

Miss. (reg)
D Loss

V₁
Maine
D Loss

Template:Party shading/Know Nothing/active | KN₁
Ky.
Gain

D₃₈
Va.
Re-elected

D₃₇
Texas
Re-elected

D₃₆
S.C. (sp)
Hold
S.C. (reg)
Hold

D₃₅
R.I.

W Loss

Gain

D₃₄
N.J. (sp)
Hold

D₃₃
N.J. (reg)
Gain

V₃
N.C.
W Loss

FS₂

FS₁

W₁₈
Tenn.
Re-elected

W₁₇
Mass.
Hold

W₁₆
La. (reg)
Gain

W₁₅
Del.
Hold

W₁₄

W₁₃

W₁₂

W₂

W₃

W₄

W₅

W₆

W₇

W₈

W₉

W₁₀

W₁₁

W₁

Key:

D_#	Democratic
FS_#	Free Soil
KN_#	Know Nothing
W_#	Whig
V_#	Vacant

Race summaries

Special elections during the 32nd Congress

In these elections, the winners were seated during 1852 or in 1853 before March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
California (Class 1)	Vacant			Legislature had previously failed to elect in 1850–1851. New senator elected January 30, 1852 on the eighth ballot.^[1] Democratic gain.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> ▌Y John B. Weller (Democratic) 71 votes ▌Pierson B. Reading (Whig) 17 votes^[1]
Mississippi (Class 2)	Henry S. Foote	Democratic	1846 or 1847	Incumbent resigned January 8, 1852 to become Governor of Mississippi. New senator elected February 18, 1852. Whig gain. Successor then retired at the end of the term, see below.	▌Y Walker Brooke (Whig) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Mississippi (Class 1)	John J. McRae	Democratic	1851 (Appointed)	Interim appointee replaced by an elected successor. New senator elected March 17, 1852. Democratic hold.	▌Y Stephen Adams (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Connecticut (Class 1)	Vacant			Legislature failed to elect. New senator elected May 12, 1852. Democratic gain.	▌Y Isaac Toucey (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
South Carolina (Class 2)	William F. De Saussure	Democratic	1852 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected November 29, 1852.^[2] Successor was not elected to the next term, see below.	▌Y William F. De Saussure (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Indiana (Class 3)	Charles W. Cathcart	Democratic	1852 (Appointed)	Incumbent retired when elected successor qualified. New senator elected January 18, 1853. Democratic hold.	▌Y John Pettit (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Elections leading to the 33rd Congress

In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1853; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Alabama	Jeremiah Clemens	Democratic	1849 (Special)	Incumbent retired. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Seat would remain vacant until November 29, 1853, see below.	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Arkansas	William K. Sebastian	Democratic	1848 (Appointed) 1848 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1853.	▌Y William K. Sebastian (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Delaware	Presley Spruance	Whig	1846 or 1847	Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1853. Whig hold.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> ▌Y John M. Clayton (Whig) Unopposed^[3]
Georgia	Robert M. Charlton	Democratic	1852 (Appointed)	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1852. Democratic hold.	▌Y Robert Toombs (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Illinois	Stephen A. Douglas	Democratic	1846	Incumbent re-elected in 1852.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> ▌Y Stephen A. Douglas (Democratic) 75 votes ▌Joseph Gillespie (Whig) 19 votes ▌James H. Collins 1 vote^[4]
Iowa	George W. Jones	Democratic	1848	Incumbent re-elected in 1852.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> ▌Y George W. Jones (Democratic) 59 votes ▌George G. Wright (Whig) 31 votes ▌John F. Kinney (Democratic) 1 vote
Kentucky	Joseph R. Underwood	Whig	1846 or 1847	Incumbent retired. New senator had already been elected early in 1851. Know Nothing gain.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> ▌Y John Burton Thompson (Know Nothing) 73 votes ▌Francis P. Stone 65 votes^[5]
Louisiana	Solomon W. Downs	Democratic	1847	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1852. Whig gain.	▌Y Judah P. Benjamin (Whig) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maine	James W. Bradbury	Democratic	1846	Incumbent retired. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Seat would remain vacant until 1854.	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Massachusetts	John Davis	Whig	1835 1841 (Resigned) 1845 (Special) 1847	Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1853. Whig hold.	▌Y Edward Everett (Whig) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Michigan	Alpheus Felch	Democratic	1847	Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1853. Democratic hold.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> ▌Y Charles E. Stuart (Democratic) 73.2%^{[lower-alpha 2]} ▌Zachariah Chandler (Whig) 26.1%^{[lower-alpha 2]}
Mississippi	Walker Brooke	Whig	1852 (Special)	Incumbent retired. Legislature failed to elect. Whig loss. Seat would remain vacant until 1854.	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Hampshire	John P. Hale	Free Soil	1846	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1852. Democratic gain.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> ▌Y Charles G. Atherton (Democratic) 69.3%^{[lower-alpha 2]} ▌Others 30.7%
New Jersey	Jacob W. Miller	Whig	1841 1846	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1852 or 1853. Democratic gain.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> ▌Y William Wright (Democratic) 62.3% ▌Jacob W. Miller (Whig) 37.7%^[6]
North Carolina	Willie Mangum	Whig	1830 1836 (Resigned) 1840 (Special) 1841	Incumbent lost re-election. Leglislature failed to elect. Whig loss. Seat would remain vacant until 1854.	▌Willie Mangum (Whig) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Rhode Island	John Hopkins Clarke	Whig	1846 or 1847	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Leglislature failed to elect. Whig loss. Seat would remain vacant until July 20, 1853, see below.	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
South Carolina	William F. De Saussure	Democratic	1852 (Appointed) 1852 (Special)	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1852 or 1853. Democratic hold.	▌Y Josiah J. Evans (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Tennessee	John Bell	Whig	1847	Incumbent re-elected in 1853.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> ▌Y John Bell (Whig) 51 votes ▌Cave Johnson (Democratic) 23 votes ▌Thomas A. R. Nelson (Whig) 18 votes ▌Neill S. Brown (Whig) 4 votes ▌Aaron V. Brown (Democratic) 1 vote^[7]
Texas	Sam Houston	Democratic	1846 1847	Incumbent re-elected in 1853.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> ▌Y Sam Houston (Democratic) 65 votes ▌John Hemphill (Democratic) 14 votes ▌George W. Smyth (Democratic) 1 vote^[8]
Virginia	Robert M. T. Hunter	Democratic	1846	Incumbent re-elected in 1852.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> ▌Y Robert M. T. Hunter (Democratic) 126 votes ▌Scattering 63 votes^[9]

Elections during the 33rd Congress

In these elections, the winners were elected in 1853 on or after March 4; ordered by date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
New Jersey (Class 1)	Robert F. Stockton	Democratic	1851	Incumbent resigned January 10, 1853 to become president of the Delaware and Raritan Canal Company. New senator elected March 4, 1853. Democratic hold.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> ▌Y John Renshaw Thomson (Democratic) 64.4% ▌William L. Dayton (Whig) 35.6%^[10]
Rhode Island (Class 2)	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elect. New senator elected July 20, 1853. Democratic gain.	▌Y Philip Allen (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Alabama (Class 2)	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elect. New senator elected November 29, 1853. Democratic gain.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> ▌Y Clement Claiborne Clay (Democratic) 85 votes ▌R. W. Walker (Unknown) 37 votes ▌Jeremiah Clemens (Democratic) 8 votes^[11]
Louisiana (Class 3)	Pierre Soulé	Democratic	1847 (Special) 1847 (Left office) 1848	Incumbent resigned to become U.S. Minister to Spain. New senator elected December 5, 1853. Democratic hold.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> ▌Y John Slidell (Democratic) 70 votes ▌T.G. Hunt (Unknown) 37 votes^[12]
Alabama (Class 3)	Benjamin Fitzpatrick	Democratic	1848 (Appointed) 1849 (Elected successor qualified) 1853 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected December 12, 1853.^[13]	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> ▌Y Benjamin Fitzpatrick (Democratic) 107 votes ▌William D. Dunn (Unknown) 14 votes ▌Jeremiah Clemens (Democratic) 2 votes ▌Francis Strother Lyon (Democratic) 1 vote^[11]

Alabama

Alabama (Regular)

Senator Clement Claiborne Clay

The legislature had failed to elect a senator for the other seat, previously held by Democrat Jeremiah Clemens. On November 28, 1853, Democrat Clement Claiborne Clay was elected late to the seat.^[11]

Y Clement Claiborne Clay 85 votes
R. W. Walker 37 votes
Jeremiah Clemens 8 votes^[11]

Alabama (Special, Class 3)

Senator Benjamin Fitzpatrick

On December 20, 1852, Democrat William R. King resigned due to poor health. On January 14, 1853, Democrat Benjamin Fitzpatrick was appointed to continue the term, and he was elected November 28, 1853 to finish the term.^[13]^[11]

Arkansas

Senator William K. Sebastian

Democratic senator William K. Sebastian had been appointed May 12, 1848 to continue the term, to which he was elected later that year to finish.

Sebastian was re-elected to a full term in 1853.

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California (Special)

Senator John B. Weller

The California legislature had failed to elect a successor to Democrat John C. Frémont in time for the 1851 beginning of the class 1 term.

In fact, this time it took eight ballots for Democrat John B. Weller (71 votes, 80.7%) to be elected January 30, 1852 over Whig Pierson B. Reading (17 votes, 19.3%).^[1]

Connecticut (Special)

Senator Isaac Toucey

The Connecticut legislature had failed to elect a senator for the term beginning in 1851. Democrat Isaac Toucey was elected in May 1852 to finish the term.

Senate (May 11, 1852)^[14]	House (May 12, 1852)^[15]
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Isaac Toucey 13 Roger Baldwin 6 Francis Gillette 1	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Isaac Toucey 124 Roger Baldwin 84 Francis Gillette 6 Samuel Ingham 3 S. H. Beardsley 1

Delaware

Senator John M. Clayton

First-term Whig Presley Spruance retired and Whig former senator John M. Clayton was elected January 12, 1853.

Clayton received 17 votes and there were 13 blank ballots cast.^[3]

Georgia

File:Robert Toombs - Brady-Handy.jpg

Senator Robert Toombs

Second-term Whig John M. Berrien resigned May 28, 1852 and Democrat Robert M. Charlton was appointed May 31, 1852 to finish the term.

Democrat Robert Toombs was elected in 1852 and would serve through re-election in 1858 and until he withdrew in 1861.

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Illinois

Senator Stephen A. Douglas

Two-term Democrat Stephen A. Douglas was re-elected January 5, 1853. He would be re-elected in 1859 and serve until his 1861 death.

Y Stephen A. Douglas (Democratic) 75 votes
State senator Joseph Gillespie (Whig) 19 votes
James H. Collins 1 vote^[4]

Indiana (Special)

Senator John Pettit

First term Democrat James Whitcomb died December 4, 1852 and Democrat Charles W. Cathcart was appointed December 6, 1852, pending a special election to finish the term that would end in 1855.

Democrat John Pettit won the January 18, 1853 election.

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Iowa

Senator George Wallace Jones

First-term Democrat George Wallace Jones was re-elected to a second term.

He received the Democratic nomination on December 20, 1852 by the narrowest of margins: 30 to 29 votes.^[16] The general election was held the next day, December 21, in which Jones easily won.

Y George Wallace Jones (Democratic) 59 votes
George G. Wright (Whig) 31 votes
John F. Kinney (Democratic) 1 vote

Kentucky

One-term Whig Joseph R. Underwood retired from the class 2 seat and the Know Nothing Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky John Burton Thompson had already been elected early, December 15, 1851, far in advance of the 1853 term.

Louisiana

Louisiana (Regular)

Senator Judah P. Benjamin

Democrat Solomon W. Downs lost re-election to Whig businessman Judah P. Benjamin in January 1852. Some Whig newspapers thought Benjamin too young and inexperienced at forty, despite his undoubted talent, but the Whig legislative caucus selected him on the second ballot, and he was elected by the legislature.^[17]

Louisiana (Special)

Senator John Slidell

First-term Democrat Pierre Soulé was appointed U.S. Minister to Spain and resigned April 11, 1853.

Former-Democratic congressman and diplomat John Slidell was elected April 28, 1853.

Y John Slidell (Democratic) 70 votes
T.G. Hunt 37 votes^[12]

Slidell would be re-elected in 1858 and serve until he withdrew in 1861.

Maine

First-term Democrat James W. Bradbury retired and the Maine legislature failed to elect his replacement until long after the new Congress began. It wasn't until 1854 that a new senator would be elected.

Massachusetts

Senator Edward Everett

Long-time senator Whig John Davis retired. Whig U.S. Secretary of State and former Governor of Massachusetts Edward Everett was elected in 1853.

Everett was resign just one year into his term due to his distaste dealing with the politics of slavery and abolition.

Michigan

Senator Charles E. Stuart

First-term Democrat Alpheus Felch retired. Fellow Democratic congressman Charles E. Stuart was elected January 11, 1853, over Whig Mayor of Detroit Zachariah Chandler.

Vote for U.S. senator in the Michigan House of Representatives^[18]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Charles E. Stuart	49	69.0
	[[Whig Party (US)\|Template:Whig Party (US)/meta/shortname]]	Zachariah Chandler	21	29.6
	Unknown	Hovey K. Clarke	1	1.4

Vote for U.S. senator in the Michigan Senate^[19]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Charles E. Stuart	24	77.4
	[[Whig Party (US)\|Template:Whig Party (US)/meta/shortname]]	Zachariah Chandler	7	22.6

Stuart only served one term, retiring in 1859. Chandler, meanwhile, would be elected to the other seat and serve for three terms.

Mississippi

Mississippi (Special, Class 1)

Senator Stephen Adams

Incumbent Democrat Jefferson Davis resigned in 1851 to run for Governor of Mississippi. Democrat John J. McRae was appointed December 1, 1851 to continue Davis's term, pending a special election. Democrat Stephen Adams won the March 17, 1852 special election to finish the term that would continue until 1857.

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Mississippi (Special, Class 2)

Senator Walker Brooke

Incumbent Democrat Henry S. Foote resigned January 8, 1852 to become Governor of Mississippi. Whig Walker Brooke was elected February 18, 1852 to finish the term that would end the following year.

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Mississippi (Regular)

Brooke was not a candidate to the next term.

The Mississippi legislature failed to elect a replacement for Brooke, and the seat remained vacant until early 1854.

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New Hampshire

Senator Charles G. Atherton

Free Soil senator John P. Hale ran for U.S. President, coming in third place in the popular vote, but failing to win any states. He lost to the Democratic fellow-New Hampshire senator Franklin Pierce. He then lost re-election to his senate seat when Democrats took over the New Hampshire legislature in 1852 state elections.

Democratic former-senator Charles G. Atherton was returned to the Senate in Hale's place on November 25, 1852.

Vote for U.S. senator in the New Hampshire House of Representatives^[20]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Charles G. Atherton	148	55.2
	Unknown	Ira Perley	81	30.2
	Unknown	John Preston	27	10.1
	Democratic	State senator John S. Wells	4	1.5
	Free Soil	John P. Hale (Incumbent)	4	1.5
	[[Whig Party (US)\|Template:Whig Party (US)/meta/shortname]]	Ichabod Goodwin	1	0.4
	Unknown	Moses A. Cartland	1	0.4
	Unknown	Joseph E. Bennett	1	0.4
	Democratic	Charles H. Peaslee	1	0.4

Vote for U.S. senator in the New Hampshire Senate^[21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Charles G. Atherton	10	83.3
	Unknown	Ira Perley	1	8.3
	Unknown	John Preston	1	8.3

Atherton died from pulmonary tuberculosis in the first year of his term.

After Republicans retook the New Hampshire legislature in 1854, Hale was re-elected to finish the term.

New Jersey

New Jersey (Regular)

File:William Wright (1794-1866).jpg

Senator William Wright

Two-term Whig Jacob W. Miller lost re-election to Democratic former-Congressman William Wright.

Vote for U.S. senator in joint session of the New Jersey legislature^[6]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	William Wright	48	62.3
	[[Whig Party (US)\|Template:Whig Party (US)/meta/shortname]]	Jacob W. Miller (Incumbent)	29	37.7

Wright would lose re-election in 1859 but be returned to the Senate in 1863.

New Jersey (Special)

File:Hon. Tompson - NARA - 528695 (cropped).jpg

Senator John Renshaw Thomson

First-term Democrat Robert F. Stockton resigned from the Class 1 seat January 10, 1853 to become President of the Delaware and Raritan Canal Company.

Democrat John Renshaw Thomson was elected February 11, 1853 over Whig former-senator William L. Dayton to finish the term.

Vote for U.S. senator in joint session of the New Jersey legislature^[10]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	John Renshaw Thomson	47	64.4
	[[Whig Party (US)\|Template:Whig Party (US)/meta/shortname]]	William L. Dayton	26	35.6

Thomson would be re-elected in 1857 to a full term and serve until his death in 1862.

North Carolina

Long-time Whig Willie Mangum was a candidate for re-election. Although Democratic former-congressman James C. Dobbin was a top choice of the North Carolina Legislature, no candidate received a majority of votes in either house, so the seat was left unfilled.^[22]

The seat would remain vacant until a 1854 special election.

Dobbin would then be appointed U.S. Secretary of the Navy and Magnum retired from public service.

Rhode Island

Senator Philip Allen

The Rhode Island General Assembly failed to elect, so first-term Whig John Hopkins Clarke thereby lost re-election.

After the term began, Democrat Philip Allen was elected July 20, 1853, to fill the seat. Allen would serve only one term, retiring in 1859.

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South Carolina

Democrat Robert Rhett resigned May 7, 1852 and Democratic judge of the chancery court William F. De Saussure was appointed May 10, 1852 to continue the term, pending a special election. The term would end in March 1853, so there was an election to finish the term and an election to the next term.

South Carolina (Special)

Senator William F. De Saussure

De Saussure was elected November 29, 1852, just to finish the term.^[23]

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South Carolina (Regular)

Senator Josiah J. Evans

Democrat Josiah J. Evans was elected December 1, 1852 on the fourth ballot to the next term.^[24]

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Tennessee

File:John-bell-brady-handy-cropped restored.jpg

John Bell

First-term Whig John Bell was re-elected October 29, 1853 on the 49th ballot.

Y John Bell (Whig) 51 votes
Thomas A.R. Nelson 18 votes
Cave Johnson 23 votes
Neill S. Brown 4 votes
Aaron V. Brown 1 vote^[7]

Bell would fall out of favor with the Tennessee legislature over the sectionalism that was rife in the late 1850s and lost their vote for re-election.

Texas

Senator Sam Houston

Two-term Democrat Sam Houston — a Texas founder who had served as senator since statehood — was re-elected January 15, 1853.

Y Sam Houston (Democratic) 65 votes
John Hemphill 14 votes
George W. Smyth 1 vote^[8]

Houston would retire at the end of this term in 1859, and be replaced by John Hemphill.

Virginia

Senator Robert M. T. Hunter

First-term Democrat Robert M. T. Hunter was re-elected January 22, 1852.

Y Robert M. T. Hunter (Democratic) 126 votes
Scattering 63 votes^[9]

Hunter would be re-elected again in 1858 and serve until his 1861 expulsion.

Notes

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References

Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
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↑ ^12.0 ^12.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 Byrd & Wolff, p. 76.
↑ Journal of the Senate of the State of Connecticut, May session 1852, pages 41-42.
↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
↑ Clark, p. 56.
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↑ See, e.g., Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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[California-2] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[FOOTNOTEByrd_.26_Wolff164-3] Byrd & Wolff, p. 164.

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[FOOTNOTEByrd_.26_Wolff76-15] 13.0 ^13.1 Byrd & Wolff, p. 76.

[16] Journal of the Senate of the State of Connecticut, May session 1852, pages 41-42.

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[FOOTNOTEClark56-18] Clark, p. 56.

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[24] See, e.g., Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

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v t e (1851 ←) 1852 United States elections (→ 1853)
President	1852 United States presidential election
U.S. Senate	California (Special) Connecticut (Special) Georgia Iowa Georgia Louisiana Mississippi (February Special) Mississippi (March Special) South Carolina (Special) Virginia
U.S. House	Arkansas California Delaware Florida Illinois Indiana Iowa Maine Massachusetts 2nd (sp) 4th (sp) 9th (sp) Michigan Minnesota Territory Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Vermont Wisconsin
State governors	Connecticut Florida Illinois Louisiana Massachusetts Michigan Missouri Vermont
State legislatures	Iowa Senate
Mayors	Chicago Manchester, NH Philadelphia
States	Alabama Arkansas California Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Mississippi Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia Wisconsin

v t e (1852 ←) 1853 United States elections (→ 1854)
U.S. Senate	Alabama Arkansas Delaware Illinois Indiana (Special) Louisiana Louisiana (Special) Massachusetts Michigan New Jersey New Jersey (Special) Rhode Island Tennessee Texas
U.S. House	Alabama Arkansas Connecticut Georgia Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Mississippi New Hampshire New Mexico Territory New Oregon Territory Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginia
State governors	Alabama California Connecticut Massachusetts New Jersey Ohio Texas Vermont Wisconsin
Mayors	Chicago Manchester, NH Philadelphia
States	Alabama Arkansas California Connecticut Delaware Georgia Illinois Indiana Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Mississippi New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Tennessee Texas Virginia Wisconsin

1852–53 United States Senate elections

Contents

Results summary

Change in composition

Before the elections

As a result of the elections

Race summaries

Special elections during the 32nd Congress

Elections leading to the 33rd Congress

Elections during the 33rd Congress

Alabama

Alabama (Regular)

Alabama (Special, Class 3)

Arkansas

California (Special)

Connecticut (Special)

Delaware

Georgia

Illinois

Indiana (Special)

Iowa

Kentucky

Louisiana

Louisiana (Regular)

Louisiana (Special)

Maine

Massachusetts

Michigan

Mississippi

Mississippi (Special, Class 1)

Mississippi (Special, Class 2)

Mississippi (Regular)

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Jersey (Regular)

New Jersey (Special)

North Carolina

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Carolina (Special)

South Carolina (Regular)

Tennessee

Texas

Virginia

See also

Notes

References

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