1909 in literature
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This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1909.
Contents
Events
- January - T. E. Hulme's poems "Autumn" and "A City Sunset", included in the Poets' Club anthology For Christmas MDCCCCVIII (sic.), are the first examples of Imagism.
- January 15 - Opening night of Filippo Tommaso Marinetti's drama La donna è mobile at the Teatro Alfieri, Turin.
- February 1 - La Nouvelle Revue Française (NRF), a literary magazine founded in Paris by a group of intellectuals including André Gide, Jacques Copeau, Jean Schlumberger and Gaston Gallimard, brings out its first issue.[1]
- February 20 - Filippo Tommaso Marinetti's Futurist Manifesto is first published, in the French newspaper Le Figaro.
- March 2 - Katherine Mansfield, at this time pregnant by another man, marries singing teacher George Bowden (who she barely knows) in London, leaving him the same evening to resume a lesbian relationship with Ida Baker.[2]
- April
- April 24 - The Metropolitan Library (京师图书馆, Jīngshī Túshūguǎn) in Beijing, predecessor of the National Library of China, is founded by the Qing government.
- September 6 - Israel Zangwill's play The Melting Pot opens in New York City.
- September 23 - Gaston Leroux's novel The Phantom of the Opera (Le Fantôme de l'Opéra) begins serialization in the Paris newspaper Le Gaulois.
- September 29 - Franz Kafka's short story "The Aeroplanes at Brescia" (Die Aeroplane in Brescia), based on a real event, is published in the Prague newspaper Bohemia, the first description of aeroplanes in German literature.[4]
- November - E. M. Forster's science fiction short story "The Machine Stops" is published in The Oxford and Cambridge Review.
New books
- Florence Barclay - The Rosary[5]
- Maurice Barrès - Colette Baudoche
- L. Frank Baum
- The Road to Oz
- Aunt Jane's Nieces at Work (as "Edith Van Dyne")
- André Billy - La Derive
- Algernon Blackwood
- The Education of Uncle Paul
- Jimbo: A Fantasy
- Kate and Virgill Boyles - The Homesteaders
- René Boylesve - La Jeune Fille bien élevée
- Angela Brazil - The Nicest Girl in the School
- Hall Caine - The White Prophet
- Gilbert Cannan - Peter Homunculus
- Robert W. Chambers - The Danger Mark
- Ion Luca Caragiale - Kir Ianulea
- Herbert Croly - The Promise of American Life
- Concha Espina - That Luzmela Girl
- Charles Hoy Fort - The Outcast Manufacturers
- Anatole France - Balthazar
- Jacques Futrelle - Elusive Isabel
- John Galsworthy - Fraternity
- Charles Garvice - A Fair Impostor
- Rupert Holland' - The Man in the Tower
- Olha Kobylianska - V Nediliu Rano Zillia Kopala ("She Gathered Herbs on Sunday Morning")
- Gaston Leroux - Le fauteuil hanté ("The Haunted Chair")
- Jack London - Martin Eden
- John Masefield - Multitude and Solitude
- Silas Weir Mitchell - The Red City
- Lucy Maud Montgomery - Anne of Avonlea
- Baroness Orczy
- Randall Parrish - My Lady of the South
- Luigi Pirandello - I vecchi e i giovani ("The Old and the Young", part 1)
- Władysław Reymont - Chłopi ("The Peasants"; publication completed)
- Gertrude Stein - Three Lives
- Gene Stratton-Porter - A Girl of the Limberlost
- Hermann Sudermann - The Song of Songs
- Charles Edmonds Walk - The Yellow Circle
- Robert Walser - Jakob von Gunten
- Mary Augusta Ward - Daphne
- H.G. Wells
- Eliza Orne White - The Wares of Edgefield
- Helen M. Winslow - A Woman for Mayor
- P. G. Wodehouse - Mike
Poster by Oskar Kokoschka advertising the première of his play
New drama
- Sem Benelli - The Jester's Supper (La cena delle beffe)
- Clyde Fitch - The City
- John Galsworthy - Strife
- Harley Granville-Barker - The Madras House
- Agha Hashar Kashmiri - Khwab-e-Hasti ("The Dream World of Existence")
- Oskar Kokoschka - Murderer, the Hope of Women (Mörder, Hoffnung der Frauen)
- Else Lasker-Schüler - Die Wupper (published)
- Ferenc Molnár - Liliom
- George Bernard Shaw - The Shewing-Up of Blanco Posnet
Poetry
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- Guillaume Apollinaire - L'Enchanteur Pourrissant ("The Putrifying Enchanter")
- François Mauriac - Les Mains Jointes ("Clasped Hands")
- John Millington Synge - Poems and Translations
Non-fiction
- Henry James - Italian Hours
- William James - A Pluralistic Universe
- Jane's All the World's Aircraft (first annual edition)
- Daniel Jones - The Pronunciation of English
- Charlotte Fell Smith - John Dee: 1527-1608
- A. E. Waite - The Hidden Church of the Holy Graal
Births
- January 18 – Oskar Davičo, Serbian novelist and poet (died 1989)
- January 29 – Phoebe Hesketh (Phoebe Rayner), English poet (died 2005)
- February 15 – Miep Gies (Hermine Santruschitz), Austrian-born biographer (died 2010)
- February 24 – August Derleth, American anthologist (died 1971)
- March 17 – Margiad Evans, Anglo-Welsh poet, novelist and illustrator (died 1958)
- March 22 – Gabrielle Roy, French Canadian author (died 1983)
- March 28 – Nelson Algren, American novelist (died 1981)
- March 31 – Robert Brasillach, French author (died 1945)
- April 8 – John Fante, American novelist (died 1983)
- May 1 – Yiannis Ritsos, Greek poet (died 1990)
- May 5 – Miklós Radnóti, Hungarian poet (died 1944)
- May 9 – Robert Garioch, Scottish poet (died 1981)
- June 6 – Isaiah Berlin, German philosopher (died 1997)
- June 19 – Osamu Dazai (太宰 治), Japanese author (died 1948)
- June 28 – Eric Ambler, English novelist (died 1998)
- July 1 – Juan Carlos Onetti, Uruguayan writer (died 1994)
- July 8 – Petar Šegedin, Croatian diplomat, novelist and essayist (died 1998)
- July 17 – G. P. Wells, son and co-author of H. G. Wells (died 1985)
- July 28 – Malcolm Lowry, English novelist (died 1957)
- July 29 – Chester Himes, American writer (died 1984)
- July 30 – C. Northcote Parkinson, English historian and author (died 1993)
- August 3 – Walter Van Tilburg Clark, American novelist (died 1971)
- August 11 – Uku Masing, Estonian religious philosopher, linguist and writer (died 1985)
- August 19 – Jerzy Andrzejewski, Polish author (died 1983)
- October 24 – Sheila Watson (Sheila Doherty), Canadian novelist and critic (died 1998)
- November 26 – Eugène Ionesco (Eugen Ionescu), Romanian-born French playwright (died 1994)
- November 27 – James Agee, American writer (died 1955)
- December 16 – Edgar Mittelholzer, Guyanese novelist (suicide 1965)
Deaths
- January 14 – William à Beckett, English journalist (born 1844)
- February 11 – Russell Sturgis, American art critic (born 1836)
- March 24 – John Millington Synge, Irish dramatist and poet (born 1871)
- March 27 (probable) – John Davidson, Scottish poet (born 1857)
- April 9
- Francis Marion Crawford, American novelist (born 1854)
- Paschal Grousset, French journalist and science fiction writer (born 1844)
- April 12 – Algernon Charles Swinburne, English poet (born 1837)
- April 26 – Marcus Dods, Scottish theologian (born 1834)
- May 18 – George Meredith, English novelist and poet (born 1828)
- June 11 – Jacob Mikhailovich Gordin, American dramatist (born 1853)
- July 8 – Albert Craig (The Surrey Poet), English cricket writer (born 1850)
- July 9 – Rosa Nouchette Carey, English children's writer (born 1840)
- August 18 – Theodore Martin, Scottish-born writer (born 1816)
- August 21 – George Cabot Lodge, American poet (born 1873)[6]
- August 23 – Liu E (劉鶚, Liu O), Chinese scholar, entrepreneur and novelist (born 1857)
- August 26 – George Manville Fenn, English novelist and educationalist (born 1831)
- September 4 – Clyde Fitch, American playwright (born 1865)
- September 19 – József Borovnyák, Slovene writer, politician and priest (born 1826)
- October 24 – Henry Charles Lea, American historian (born 1825)
- November 18 – Renée Vivien, English-born French-language Symbolist poet (born 1877)
- December 14 – Frederick Greenwood, English journalist (born 1830)
- Unknown date – H. L. Fischer, Pennsylvania German-language writer and translator (born 1822)
Awards
- Nobel Prize for Literature: Selma Lagerlöf
- Newdigate prize: Frank Ashton-Gwatkin
- Knighthood: Arthur Wing Pinero
References
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- ↑ Ernst Horneffer: Unsere Ziele, in: Die Tat, 1. Jg., Heft 1 (April/1909), S.1 (German)
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