2012 in paleontology
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2012 in paleontology. |
Paleontology, palaeontology or palæontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being"; and logos, "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because mankind has encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2012.
Note: In 2012 International Code of Zoological Nomenclature was amended, with new regulations allowing the publication of new names and nomenclatural acts in zoology after 2011 in works "produced in an edition containing simultaneously obtainable copies by a method that assures (...) widely accessible electronic copies with fixed content and layout", provided that the work is registered in ZooBank before it is published, the work itself states the date of publication with evidence that registration has occurred, and the ZooBank registration states both the name of an electronic archive intended to preserve the work and the ISSN or ISBN associated with the work.[2][3] New scientific names appearing in electronic works are not required to be registered in ZooBank, only the works themselves are.[2] Works containing descriptions of some of the taxa listed below weren't printed on paper in 2012; however, the taxa that were described in works which were registered in ZooBank in 2012 are listed as valid.
Contents
Plants
Gymnosperms
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Shi, Zhou, & Xie |
Oligocene |
An extinct species in the modern genus Calocedrus |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Mohr et al. |
Early Cretaceous |
A possible member of Cheirolepidiaceae. The type specie is Duartenia araripensis. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Rothwell et al. |
Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) |
Kimmeridge Clay Formation |
A member of Pinaceae. The type species is Eathiestrobus mackenziei. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhou, Quan, & Liu |
upper Paleocene |
Sentinel Butte Formation, North Dakota |
An extinct species in the modern genus Ginkgo |
Angiosperms
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Mohr, Coiffard & Bernardes-de-Oliveira |
Early Cretaceous (Aptian) |
Fossil magnolialean angiosperm. |
Arthropods
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
The following is a summary of the arthopods described in 2012
- 41 arachnids
- 105 crustaceans
- 362 insects
- 5 merostomatans
- 51 trilobites
- 9 other arthropods
Bryozoans
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Nom. nov. |
Valid |
Ariunchimeg |
Lower Carboniferous |
A replacement name for the genus Admiranda Ariunchimeg, 1996. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Di Martino & Taylor |
Early or middle Miocene |
A cribrimorph ascophoran. The type species is Antoniettella exigua. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Ernst & Carrera |
Late Ordovician (Sandbian) |
A cryptostome bryozoan, a member of Ptilodictyina. The type species is Argentinodictya lenticulata. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Hara & Jasionowski |
Miocene (early Sarmatian) |
A celleporid cheilostome bryozoan, a species of Celleporina. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Ernst & Carrera |
Late Ordovician (Sandbian) |
A phyloporinine, a species of Chasmatopora. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Ernst, Taylor, Bohatý & Wyse Jackson |
Middle Devonian |
A cryptostome bryozoan. The type species is Lunostoma pulchra. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Ernst & Carrera |
Late Ordovician (Sandbian) |
A trepostome bryozoan, a species of Parvohallopora. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Ernst & Carrera |
Late Ordovician (Sandbian) |
A cryptostome bryozoan, a species of Ptilodictya. |
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|
Gen. et comb. nov. |
Valid |
Taylor |
Jurassic |
A new genus for "Diastopora" retiformis. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Ernst & Carrera |
Late Ordovician (Sandbian) |
A cryptostome bryozoan, a species of Trigonodictya. |
Brachiopods
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Amydroptychus markowitzi[15] |
sp nov |
Valid |
Feldman et al. |
Callovian |
A tetrarhynchiid rhynchonellide, a species of Amydroptychus. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Manceñido in Damborenea & Manceñido |
Late Triassic |
A lepismatinid brachiopod, a species of Bolilaspirifer. |
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|
sp nov |
Valid |
Smirnova |
Early Cretaceous |
A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia. |
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|
sp nov |
Valid |
Smirnova |
Early Cretaceous |
A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia. |
||||
|
sp nov |
Valid |
Smirnova |
Early Cretaceous |
A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia. |
||||
|
sp nov |
Valid |
Smirnova |
Early Cretaceous |
A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia. |
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|
Gen, sp. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Jin |
Late Ordovician |
A dalmanellid brachiopod, with C. multisecta, C. meeki, C. minnesotensis |
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|
sp nov |
Valid |
He et al.. |
Late Permian (Changhsingian) |
An ambocoeliid brachiopod, a species of Crurithyris. |
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|
sp nov |
Valid |
Smirnova |
Early Cretaceous |
A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia. |
||||
|
sp nov |
Valid |
Smirnova |
Early Cretaceous |
A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia. |
||||
|
sp nov |
Valid |
Smirnova |
Early Cretaceous |
A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia. |
||||
|
sp nov |
Valid |
Smirnova |
Early Cretaceous |
A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia. |
||||
|
sp nov |
Valid |
Smirnova |
Early Cretaceous |
A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia. |
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|
sp nov |
Valid |
Smirnova |
Early Cretaceous |
A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia. |
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|
Daghanirhynchia susanae[15] |
Species |
Valid |
Feldman et al. |
Callovian |
A tetrarhynchiid rhynchonellide, a species of Daghanirhynchia. |
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|
sp nov |
Valid |
Oleneva |
Late Devonian (middle Frasnian) |
A cyrtospiriferid spiriferid, a species of Eodmitria. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Benedetto |
Middle Ordovician (early Darriwilian) |
A plectambonitoid brachiopod. The type species is Gatosella muricata. |
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|
sp nov |
Valid |
Baliński |
Early Devonian |
Khudykivtsi Beds |
An atrypinid brachiopod, a species of Gracianella. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Wang et al. |
Early Cambrian |
An acrotretoid, a member of Lingulata. The type species is Kuangshanotreta malungensis. |
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|
Gen. et 3 sp. nov |
Valid |
Smirnova |
Early Cretaceous |
A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide. Genus contains 3 species: K. ulluchaensis, K. regularis and K. fragilis. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Smirnova |
Early Cretaceous |
A praecyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Lamellaerhynchia. |
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|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov |
Valid |
Smirnova |
Early Cretaceous |
A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide. Genus contains 2 new species: L. angusteinis and L. vagus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Madison |
Ordovician |
A member of Strophomenida. The type species is Lynnica fragilis. |
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| Plectodonta mariae pantherae[22] |
Subsp nov |
Valid |
Baliński |
Early Devonian |
Khudykivtsi Beds |
A sowerbyellid brachiopod, a subspecies of Plectodonta mariae. |
||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Oleneva |
Late Devonian (middle Frasnian) |
A cyrtospiriferid spiriferid. The type species is Rotutaspirifer rotutus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Pakhnevich |
Late Devonian (Famennian) |
A punctate rhynchonellide brachiopod. The type species is Sharovaella mirabilis. |
||||
| Skenidioides tatyanae[22] |
sp nov |
Valid |
Baliński |
Early Devonian |
Khudykivtsi Beds |
A skenidiid brachiopod, a species of Skenidioides. |
||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Smirnova |
Early Cretaceous |
A praecyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Sulcirhynchia. |
Molluscs
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
The following is a summary of the Molluscs described in 2012
- 54 ammonites
- 14 other cephalopods
- 52 gastropods
- 15 other molluscs
Echinoderms
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Sumrall et al. |
Early Ordovician |
A mitrate, a species of Anatifopsis. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Sumrall et al. |
Early Ordovician |
A mitrate, a species of Anatifopsis. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Hess |
Early Bathonian |
A comatulid crinoid. The type species is Andymetra galei. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Ausich & Roeser |
Late Kinderhookian |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Kammer & Roeser |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Ausich & Wilson |
Middle Jurassic (Callovian) |
An apiocrinitid crinoid, a species of Apiocrinites. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Ausich & Roeser |
Late Kinderhookian |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Kammer & Roeser |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Parma |
Eocene to Oligocene or early Miocene |
A brissopsid echinoid, a species of Brissopsis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Zamora, Rahman & Smith |
Cambrian |
A stem group echinoderm. The type species is Ctenoimbricata spinosa. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Kammer & Roeser |
A cladid crinoid. The type species is Cuyahogacrinus lodiensis. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Kammer & Roeser |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Hess |
Early Bathonian |
A cyrtocrinid crinoid, a species of Cyrtocrinus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Atwood & Sumrall |
Carboniferous (Mississippian) |
A blastoid, a species of Diploblastus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Sumrall et al. |
Early Ordovician |
A possible solute. The type species is Drepanocystis dubius. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Stara & Borghi |
Early Miocene |
A pericosmid sea urchin, a species of Faorina. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Kammer & Roeser |
||||||
|
Nom nov. |
Valid |
Doweld |
Ordovician |
A replacement name for the crinoid genus Bockia Hecker 1940. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid[37] |
Thuy et al. |
Late Triassic (early Carnian) |
An ophiacanthid brittle star. The type species is Leadagmara gracilispina. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Kammer & Roeser |
||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Mirantsev |
Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) |
A taxocrinid crinoid. The type species is Neotaxocrinus arendti. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Hess |
Early Bathonian |
A comatulid crinoid, a species of Palaeocomaster. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Hess |
Late Bajocian or early Bathonian |
A species of Pentacrinites. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Atwood & Sumrall |
Carboniferous (Mississippian) |
A blastoid, a species of Pentremites. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Atwood & Sumrall |
Carboniferous (Mississippian) |
A blastoid, a species of Pentremites. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Hess |
Early Bathonian |
A cyrtocrinid crinoid, a species of Phyllocrinus. |
||||
|
Sp nov. |
Valid |
Schlüter et al. |
Late Cretaceous |
Western Europe and Middle East |
A phymosomatoid sea urchin, a species of Phymosoma. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Ausich & Roeser |
Late Kinderhookian |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Hess |
Early Bathonian |
A cyrtocrinid crinoid, a species of Praetetracrinus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Saucède, Dudicourt & Courville |
Early Cretaceous (Early Hauterivian) |
A sea urchin. The type species is Pygolampas edita. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Saucède, Dudicourt & Courville |
Early Cretaceous (Early Hauterivian) |
A sea urchin. The type species is Salvaster roberti. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Hess |
Late Bajocian or early Bathonian |
A cyrtocrinid crinoid. The type species is Scutellacrinus tenuis. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Donovan et al. |
Middle Ordovician (latest Darriwilian) |
Probably a stem-group cladid crinoid, possibly a dendrocrinid; a species of Segmentocolumnus. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Hess |
Early Bathonian |
A comatulid crinoid. The type species is Singillatimetra inordinata. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Hess |
Early Bathonian |
A comatulid crinoid, a species of Solanocrinites. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Abdelhamid & Azab |
Turonian |
A phymosomatid echinoid, a species of Thylechinus. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Abdelhamid & Azab |
Turonian |
A toxasterid echinoid, a species of Thylechinus. |
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|
Gen. et 3 sp. nov |
Valid |
Guo et al. |
Early Cambrian |
An animal of uncertain phylogenetic position, a possible relative of echinoderms. Genus contains Yanjiahella ancarpa (the type species), Y. monocarpa and Y. biscarpa. |
Ascidians
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
Fedonkin et al. |
An ausiid, a possible ascidian, Its type species is Burykhia hunti. |
Conodonts
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Carnepigondolella angulata[45] |
Sp nov |
Valid |
Mazza, Cau & Rigo |
Late Triassic |
A species of Carnepigondolella. |
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|
Carnepigondolella gulloae[46] |
Sp nov |
Valid |
Mazza, Rigo & Gullo |
Late Triassic |
A species of Carnepigondolella. |
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|
Carnepigondolella tuvalica[46] |
Sp nov |
Valid |
Mazza, Rigo & Gullo |
Late Triassic |
A species of Carnepigondolella. |
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|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Drygant & Szaniawski |
Early Devonian (middle to late Lochkovian) |
An icriodontid, a species of Caudicriodus. |
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|
Epigondolella heinzi[45] |
Sp nov |
Valid |
Mazza, Cau & Rigo |
Late Triassic |
A species of Epigondolella. |
|||
|
Epigondolella miettoi[45] |
Sp nov |
Valid |
Mazza, Cau & Rigo |
Late Triassic |
A species of Epigondolella. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Méndez |
Carboniferous (Moscovian) |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Méndez |
Carboniferous (Moscovian) |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Shen et al. |
Permian (Kungurian) |
A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Sweetognathidae. The type species is Meiognathus pustulus. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Junior homonym |
Bardashev & Bardasheva |
Middle Devonian (Givetian) |
The type species is Muellerina idrisovi. The generic name turned out to be preoccupied by Muellerina Bassiouni (1965); Bardashev & Bardasheva (2013) subsequently renamed the conodont genus Muellerilepis.[51] |
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|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Stouge |
Middle Ordovician |
A new genus for "Lenodus" martinpointensis (Johnston and Barnes, 2000). |
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|
Norigondolella trinacriae[45] |
Sp nov |
Valid |
Mazza, Cau & Rigo |
Late Triassic |
A species of Norigondolella. |
|||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Drygant & Szaniawski |
Early Devonian (late Lochkovian or Pragian) |
A spathognathodontid, possibly a species of Pandorinellina. |
||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Stouge |
Middle Ordovician |
A species of Periodon. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wang in Gong et al. |
Devonian |
|||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Stouge |
Middle Ordovician |
A species of Spinodus. |
Fishes
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
During 2012, 81 new species of fish were described.
Amphibians
Research
- A study of the braincase of Eocaecilia micropodia and a phylogenetic analysis of non-amniote tetrapods is published by Hillary C. Maddin, Farish A. Jenkins Jr and Jason S. Anderson (2012).[54]
- A study of anatomy and relationships of Solenodonsaurus janenschi is published by Marylène Danto, Florian Witzmann and Johannes Müller (2012).[55]
- A study of limb joint mobility of Ichthyostega is published by Stephanie E. Pierce, Jennifer A. Clack and John R. Hutchinson (2012).[56]
New taxa
Newly named basal tetrapods
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Clack, Ahlberg, Blom & Finney |
Famennian |
A stem tetrapod closely related to Ichthyostega. |
Newly named temnospondyls
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Piñeiro, Ramos & Marsicano |
? Late Permian |
A rhinesuchid-like stereospondyl. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Novikov |
Early Triassic |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Fröbisch & Reisz |
Leonardian |
A dissorophid. |
||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Warren |
Rouse Hill Siltstone |
A trematosaurine stereospondyl, a species of Microposaurus. |
File:Microposaurus averyi.jpg
Microposaurus averyi.
|
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Werneburg |
Late Carboniferous |
A micromelerpetontid.[63] The type species is Nyranerpeton amilneri.[62] |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Werneburg |
Late Carboniferous |
An amphibamid, a species of Platyrhinops. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Novikov |
Early Triassic |
A trematosauroid temnospondyl. The type species is Qantas samarensis. |
||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Klembara & Steyer |
Early Permian |
Boskovice Basin |
A stereospondylomorph, a species of Sclerocephalus. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Novikov |
Triassic |
A trematosaurid temnospondyl. The type species is Trematosuchoides africanus. |
Newly named lepospondyls
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Glienke |
Gzhelian or Asselian |
A microsaur with an elongated body. |
Newly named lissamphibians
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid[68] |
Venczel, Codrea & Fărcaş |
Early Oligocene |
A palaeobatrachid frog, a species of Albionbatrachus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Szentesi & Venczel |
Santonian |
A discoglossine discoglossid. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Gao & Shubin |
Oxfordian |
A salamandroid. The type species is Beiyanerpeton jianpingensis. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Agnolin |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) |
A member of Calyptocephalellidae, a relative of the helmeted water toad. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Agnolin |
A member of Calyptocephalellidae, a species of Gigantobatrachus. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Gardner |
Latest Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian), possibly also early Paleocene |
A scapherpetontid salamander, a species of Piceoerpeton. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Skutschas & Gubin |
late Paleocene - early Eocene |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Báez et al. |
Maastrichtian |
A neobatrachian, a possible member of Nobleobatrachia. The type species is Uberabatrachus carvalhoi. |
Parareptiles
Newly named parareptiles
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Falconnet |
Latest Carboniferous (Gzhelian) or earliest Permian (Asselian) |
A bolosaurid, a species of Belebey. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Macdougall & Reisz |
Early Permian |
A lanthanosuchoid. The type species is Feeserpeton oklahomensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Falconnet et al. |
Lower Triassic |
Middle Sakamena Formation |
A procolophonid. The type species is Lasasaurus beltanae. |
Ichthyopterygians
Newly named ichthyosaurs
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Fischer et al.. |
Hauterivian–Cenomanian |
An ophthalmosaurid. Type species is Acamptonectes densus. |
File:Acamptonectes densus.png
Skull roof of Acamptonectes densus.
|
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Druckenmiller et al. |
Late Jurassic |
An ophthalmosaurid. The type species is Cryopterygius kristiansenae. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Druckenmiller et al. |
Late Jurassic |
An ophthalmosaurid. The type species is Palvennia hoybergeti. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Maxwell, Fernández & Schoch |
A species of Stenopterygius. |
File:Stenopterygius aaleniensis.png
The holotype of Stenopterygius aaleniensis.
|
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Martin et al. |
Middle Toarcian |
A species of Temnodontosaurus. |
Lepidosauromorphs
Newly named saurosphargids
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Cheng, Chen, Zeng & Cai |
Middle Triassic |
Initially thought to be an eosauropterygian sauropterygian and a relative of Wumengosaurus, pachypleurosaurs and nothosauroids,[82] but subsequently reinterpreted as member of Saurosphargidae (a non-sauropterygian diapsid, though related to sauropterygians), closely related to Saurosphargis and Sinosaurosphargis.[83] The type species is Largocephalosaurus polycarpon. |
Newly named sauropterygians
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Kubo, Mitchell & Henderson |
Upper Campanian |
An elasmosaurid. The type species is Albertonectes vanderveldei. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Vincent & Benson |
Early Jurassic |
A basal member of Plesiosauria. The type species is Anningasaura lymense. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Benson, Evans & Druckenmiller |
Early Jurassic, most likely earliest Hettangian. |
A rhomaleosaurid. The type species is Avalonnectes arturi. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Knutsen, Druckenmiller & Hurum |
Late Jurassic |
A long-necked plesiosaurian. The type species is Djupedalia engeri. |
||||
|
sp nov |
Valid |
McKean |
Early Turonian |
Third species of Dolichorhynchops. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Benson, Evans & Druckenmiller |
Early Jurassic, most likely earliest Hettangian. |
A basal plesiosauroid. The type species is Eoplesiosaurus antiquior. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid[90] |
Benson et al. |
Early Cretaceous |
A new genus for "Cimoliasaurus" valdensis |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Smith, Araújo & Mateus |
Toarcian |
A plesiosaurid plesiosaur. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Knutsen, Druckenmiller & Hurum |
Late Jurassic |
A species of Pliosaurus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Cheng et al. |
Middle Triassic (Ladinian) |
An eosauropterygian, a relative of pachypleurosaurs and nothosauroids. The type species is Qianxisaurus chajiangensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov. |
Valid |
Knutsen, Druckenmiller & Hurum |
Late Jurassic |
A long-necked plesiosaurian. Genus contains two species: Spitrasaurus wensaasi and S. larseni. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
Benson, Evans & Druckenmiller |
Early Jurassic, most likely earliest Hettangian. |
Blue Lias Formation |
A rhomaleosaurid. The type species is Stratesaurus taylori |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid[90] |
Benson et al. |
Early Cretaceous (late Barremian) |
A leptocleidid. The type species is Vectocleidus pastorum. |
Newly named rhynchocephalians
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Rauhut et al. |
Late Jurassic (early Tithonian) |
A sphenodontid rhynchocephalian. The type species is Oenosaurus muehlheimensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Apesteguía, Gómez & Rougier |
Middle Jurassic |
A rhynchocephalian lepidosaur. The type species is Sphenocondor gracilis. |
Squamates
Research
- A large phylogenetic analysis of living and fossil squamates is published by Jacques A. Gauthier et al. (2012).[97]
- A study of squamate diversity in North America during the latest Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) and the impact of Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event on the diversity of the group is published by Nicholas R. Longrich, Bhart-Anjan S. Bhullar and Jacques A. Gauthier (2012).[98]
New taxa
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Mo, Xu & Evans |
Late Cretaceous |
A platynotan lizard, probably a monstersaurian. The type species is Chianghsia nankangensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Alifanov |
Eocene |
An arretosaurid iguanian. The type species is Dornosaurus gobiensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Leblanc, Caldwell & Bardet |
Maastrichtian |
A mosasaur. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Alifanov |
Oligocene |
An arretosaurid iguanian. The type species is Ergiliinsaurus postumus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Bolet & Evans |
Early Cretaceous |
A lizard related to scleroglossan lizards. The type species is Jucaraseps grandipes. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Alifanov |
Eocene |
An arretosaurid iguanian. The type species is Khaichinguana eocaenica. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Makádi, Caldwell & Ősi |
Late Cretaceous (Santonian) |
A tethysaurine mosasauroid closely related to Tethysaurus, Russellosaurus and Yaguarasaurus. The type species is Pannoniasaurus inexpectatus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Sullivan et al. |
Earliest Eocene |
A glyptosaurine anguid lizard, possibly a species of Placosaurus. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Alifanov |
Late Cretaceous |
A pleurodontagamid iguanian lizard; a new genus for "Mimeosaurus" tugrikinensis Alifanov (1989). |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Klembara |
Early Miocene |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Evans, Jones & Matsumoto |
Early Cretaceous |
Purbeck Limestone Group |
A member of Lacertoidea. The type species isPurbicella ragei. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Bailon & Auge |
Early Pleistocene |
An anguid lizard. The type species is Ragesaurus medasensis. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Daza & Bauer |
Late Early Miocene or early Middle Miocene (20 to 15 MYA) |
A sphaerodactylid gecko found in Dominican amber, a species of Sphaerodactylus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Alifanov |
Late Cretaceous |
A varanoid lizard, a species of Telmasaurus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Daza et al. |
Late Pliocene |
An iguanian lizard. The type species is Uquiasaurus heptanodonta. |
||||
|
Subgen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Conrad, Balcarcel & Mehling |
Miocene (Turolian) |
Turtles
Research
- A large phylogenetic analysis of basal turtles is published by Jérémy Anquetin (2012).[112]
New taxa
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Karl, Gröning & Brauckmann |
Eocene (Lutetian) |
A member of Cheloniidae, a species of Allopleuron. |
||||
|
Axestemys cerevisia[114] |
sp nov |
Valid |
Vitek |
Eocene |
A trionychid, a species of Axestemys. |
|||
|
Axestemys montinsana[114] |
sp nov |
Valid |
Vitek |
Paleocene |
A trionychid, a species of Axestemys. |
|||
|
Gen. et comb. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Karl et al. |
Early Cretaceous |
A member of Paracryptodira, a new genus for "Pleurosternon" typocardium Seeley (1869). Genus also contains a new species Ballerstedtia bueckebergensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Tong, Danilov, Ye, Ouyang & Peng |
Middle Jurassic |
A bashuchelyid cryptodiran, a new genus for "Chengyuchelys" zigongensis (Ye, 1982). Genus also contains a new species Bashuchelys youngi. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Pérez-García |
Upper Paleocene |
Western Europe |
A paracryptodiran closely related to Compsemys. The type species is Berruchelus russelli. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Cadena et al. |
Late Palaeocene |
A podocnemidid turtle. The type species is Carbonemys cofrinii. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Tong, Danilov, Ye, Ouyang & Peng |
Middle Jurassic |
Xiashaximiao Formation |
A bashuchelyid cryptodiran, a new genus for "Chengyuchelys" dashanpuensis (Fang, 1987). |
|||
|
sp nov |
Valid |
Rabi, Tong & Botfalvai |
Santonian |
A bothremydid, a species of Foxemys. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Pérez-García & Murelaga |
Early Cretaceous |
A cryptodiran turtle. The type species is Galvechelone lopezmartinezae. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Claude et al. |
Late Eocene |
A geoemydid turtle. The type species is Guangdongemys pingi. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Pérez-García, Fuente & Ortega |
Late Barremian |
|||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Pérez-García, Ortega & Murelaga |
Late Campanian to Maastrichtian |
A bothremydid, a new genus for "Elochelys" convenarum (Laurent et al. 2002). |
||||
|
Species |
Valid |
Bourque |
Middle Miocene |
A species of Kinosternon. |
||||
|
Species |
Valid |
Bourque |
Early middle Miocene |
A species of Kinosternon. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Pérez-García & Murelaga |
Early Cretaceous (late Hauterivian–early Barremian) |
A basal member of Pan-Cryptodira (the clade containing living cryptodirans and all extinct turtles that were more closely related to them than to pleurodirans). The type species is Larachelus morla. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Karl, Biermann & Tichy |
Early Cretaceous (early Aptian) |
A toxochelyid sea turtle, a new genus for "Toxochelys" gigantea Oertel (1914). |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid[129] |
Sterli & de la Fuente |
Palaeocene |
A relative of meiolaniids. The type species is Peligrochelys walshae. |
||||
|
Species |
Valid |
Marmi et al.. |
Late Maastrichtian |
A bothremydid, a species of Polysternon. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Tong, Danilov, Ye, Ouyang & Peng |
Middle Jurassic |
Xiashaximiao Formation |
A xinjiangchelyid cryptodiran. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Cadena, Bloch & Jaramillo |
Paleocene |
A bothremydid turtle. The type species is Puentemys mushaisaensis. |
||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Cadena et al. |
Miocene |
A geoemydid turtle, a species of Rhinoclemmys. |
||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Cadena et al. |
Miocene |
A kinosternid turtle, a species of Staurotypus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Karl & Madsen |
Early Eocene |
A member of Cheloniidae, a species of Tasbacka. |
||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Joyce et al.. |
Miocene/Pliocene boundary |
A box turtle. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Tong et al. |
Late Cretaceous |
A nanhsiungchelyid cryptodiran. The type species is Yuchelys nanyangensis. |
Archosauromorphs
Newly named basal archosauromorphs
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
sp nov |
Valid |
Trotteyn, Martínez & Alcober |
Late Triassic |
A proterochampsian archosauriform. Originally described as a species of Chanaresuchus;[136] subsequently made the type species of a separate genus Pseudochampsa by Trotteyn & Ezcurra (2014).[137] |
||||
|
sp nov |
Valid |
Heckert, Lucas & Spielmann |
Late Triassic |
A doswelliid archosauromorph, a species of Doswellia. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Stocker |
Late Triassic |
A phytosaur. The type species is Protome batalaria. |
Archosaurs
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
The following is a summary of the archosaurs described in 2012
- 8 pseudosuchians
- 1 basal dinosauriform
- 40 non-avian dinosaurs
- 64 birds
- 9 pterosaurs
- 1 archosaur of uncertain phylogenetic placement
Synapsids
Non-mammalian synapsids
Research
- A phylogenetic analysis of basal synapsids is published by Roger B. J. Benson (2012).[140]
New taxa
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Kurkin |
Upper Permian |
A dicynodont, a new genus for "Dicynodon" trautscholdi (Amalitzky, 1922) (considered to be a senior synonym of Vivaxosaurus permirus and assigned to the genus Vivaxosaurus by Kammerer et al., 2011).[142] "Dicynodon" amalitzkii (Sushkin, 1926) is considered by Kurkin (2012) to be a second species of Fortunodon[141] (Kammerer et al., 2011 classify it as the type species of the genus Peramodon.[142]) |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Ivakhnenko |
Middle Permian |
A thrinaxodontid cynodont. The type species is Novocynodon kutorgai. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Cisneros, Abdala, et al. |
Guadalupian (Middle Permian) |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Das & Gupta |
Early Triassic |
A cynodont. The type species is Panchetocynodon damodarensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Butler, Sigogneau-Russell, & Ensom |
Early Cretaceous |
A possible morganucodontan. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Spielmann & Lucas |
Late Triassic |
A trirachodontid cynodont. Described on the basis of three postcanine teeth. Abdala, Neveling and Welman (2006) claimed that the shape of their crowns does not closely match the trirachodontid pattern, and that the presence of columnar enamel is not enough to confidently refer these teeth to Cynodontia, as this trait is widely distributed in many amniotes and even some sarcopterygian fish.[148] However, Spielmann and Lucas (2012) claimed that the teeth "clearly possess three cusps on the transverse crest of the postcanines, a characteristic feature of the Trirachodontidae".[147] The type species is Redondagnathus hunti. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Ivakhnenko |
Upper Permian |
A procynosuchid cynodont. The type species is Sludica bulanovi. |
Mammals
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
The following is a summary of the mammals described in 2012
- 9 non-eutherian Mammals
- 24 eutherian Mammals
Other animals
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Valent et al. |
Middle Cambrian |
A member of Hyolitha (a group of animals of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly molluscs), a species of Circotheca. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Clites, Droser & Gehling |
An animal of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Coronacollina acula. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Valent et al. |
Middle Cambrian |
A member of Hyolitha. The type species is Probactrotheca briketa. |
Other organisms
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Woelkerling, Bassi & Iryu |
Quaternary |
Reef terraces around Tahiti, |
A red alga belonging to the family Corallinaceae, a species of Hydrolithon. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Krings & Taylor in Krings et al. |
Middle Triassic |
A fungus belonging to the group Endogonales. The type species is Jimwhitea circumtecta. |
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
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- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 17.00 17.01 17.02 17.03 17.04 17.05 17.06 17.07 17.08 17.09 17.10 17.11 17.12 17.13 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 27.5 27.6 27.7 27.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 29.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/A079A3B1-1CA4-4C69-98D2-A89A4D8BE8C7
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 40.0 40.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 46.0 46.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 47.0 47.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 48.0 48.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 62.0 62.1 62.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 64.0 64.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/D582DF3D-14FA-48FE-8240-8B81727B358E
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 71.0 71.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 79.0 79.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 82.0 82.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 86.0 86.1 86.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 89.0 89.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 90.0 90.1 http://zoobank.org/References/8A0A8BD0-F6BB-4F74-BB18-79CBBA2F105C
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 100.0 100.1 100.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 105.0 105.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 114.0 114.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 116.0 116.1 116.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://zoobank.org/References/C52A01FB-CC2B-4B9B-9B40-096CCCB9749A
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 132.0 132.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 136.0 136.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 141.0 141.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 142.0 142.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 143.0 143.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 147.0 147.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 149.0 149.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
