2023 Argentine general election

Presidential election
22 October 2023 (first round) 19 November 2023 (second round)
Opinion polls
Registered	35,410,080
Turnout	77.65% ( 2.76 pp) (first round) 76.39% (second round)
File:Javier Milei VIVA22 (cropped).jpg File:Sergio Massa on March 1, 2020-3 (cropped3).jpg Nominee Javier Milei Sergio Massa Party Libertarian Party (Argentina) FR-PJ Alliance La Libertad Avanza Union for the Homeland Running mate Victoria Villarruel Agustín Rossi States carried 19 + CABA 3 Popular vote 12,740,742 10,029,279 Percentage 55.95% 44.04%
300px Results of the first round by province and department
President before election Alberto Fernández FdT–PJ Elected President Javier Milei Libertarian Party (Argentina)
Legislative election 22 October 2023 Party Leader % Seats ± Union for the Homeland 38.54 58 Juntos por el Cambio 26.60 31 La Libertad Avanza 26.51 35 Hacemos por Nuestro País 3.99 4 Workers' Left Front 3.31 1 Por Santa Cruz 0.23 1 Union for the Homeland 43.66 13 La Libertad Avanza 25.93 7 Juntos por el Cambio 25.62 2 Por Santa Cruz 0.50 2 This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. File:2023 Argentina legislative election - results.svg Map showing the seats won by each party in each province.

General elections were held in Argentina on 22 October 2023 to elect the president, vice president, members of the national congress, and the governors of most provinces. A run-off election to elect the president and vice president is currently taking place on 19 November 2023. The winner of the run-off is scheduled to be sworn in on 10 December 2023. Incumbent president Alberto Fernández and incumbent vice president and former president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, despite both being eligible for a second, consecutive term, did not seek re-election.

Both in the primaries and in the first and second rounds polls opened at 08:00 and closed at 18:00 Buenos Aires time (UTC -3), with vote results starting to show at around 21:00.

Advancing to the run-off, Sergio Massa of the ruling Union for the Homeland unexpectedly came in first place, winning 36% of the vote, against Javier Milei of the Liberty Advances, who came in second place, with 30% of the vote. Massa's victory in the first round was seen as an upset because of the severe inflation that took place during Massa's tenure as Minister of Economy, as well as Milei's lead in polls up to that point.

In the run-off, Milei defeated Massa in an overwhelming margin, with Massa conceding peacefully.

Background

Main article: Presidency of Alberto Fernández

In the 2019 general election, the Peronist, left-wing Frente de Todos ticket of Alberto Fernández, former Cabinet Chief, and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, National Senator and former president, defeated the center-right Juntos por el Cambio ticket of incumbent president Mauricio Macri and conservative Peronist National Senator Miguel Ángel Pichetto, exceeding the threshold to win the presidency in a single round. Macri became the first incumbent president in Argentine history to be defeated for reelection.

The first two years of the Fernández presidency were limited by the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina, during which he imposed strict lockdown measures in an attempt to suppress the spread of the disease, and a debt crisis inherited from his predecessor. While the economy did recover in 2021–22, inflation rose to 100% (the highest since 1991). His approval ratings have been constantly low throughout his presidency, only on a few certain occasions has his approval rating been over 50%, with disapproval ratings from 60% to 80%. According to British newspaper The Economist, Fernández is considered "a president without a plan", and his presidency to be a "weak administration", alluding to his lack of independent decision-making. Instead, his decisions are under heavy influence of Vice President and former President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, also leader of the coalition, whom Fernández himself described as a "permanent source of consultation." The 2021 midterm elections resulted in heavy losses for the Frente de Todos, which lost its majority in both houses of Congress. Observers attributed the loss to widespread anger over high inflation and rising poverty.

In April 2023, Fernández announced that he had decided to not seek reelection to the presidency in the 2023 general election. Others who refused to run were incumbent vice president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (who served as president between 2007 and 2015), and former president Mauricio Macri, who succeeded Fernández de Kirchner and preceded Fernández. Controversial constitutional amendments in Jujuy – a province governed by Gerardo Morales, who ran as a precandidate for vice president alongside Horacio Rodriguez Larreta– led to protests beginning in June where demonstrators stormed the Jujuy legislature.

The 2023 election was held amid a severe economic crisis.

Debates

2023 Argentine presidential debates
Date	Time	Organizers	Location	P  Present    I  Invitee  N  Non-invitee
				FR–UP	PL–LLA	PRO–JxC	PJ–HNP	PTS–FIT–U	Refs
1 October 2023	1 hour and 48 min.	Televisión Pública	Santiago del Estero Forum, Santiago del Estero City	P Sergio Massa	P Javier Milei	P Patricia Bullrich	P Juan Schiaretti	P Myriam Bregman
8 October 2023	1 hour and 41 min.		Faculty of Law, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires City
12 November 2023	1 hour and 58 min.

2023 Argentine vice presidential debates
Date	Time	Organizer	Location	P  Present    I  Invitee  N  Non-invitee
				PJ–UP	PD–LLA	UCR–JxC	HACER–HNP	PTS–FIT–U	Refs
20 September 2023	1 hour and 46 min.	Todo Noticias	Todo Noticias headquarters, Buenos Aires City	P Agustín Rossi	P Victoria Villarruel	P Luis Petri	P Florencio Randazzo	P Nicolas del Caño
8 November 2023	1 hour and 17 min.

Electoral system

File:Boletas electorales para las elecciones presidenciales de Argentina de 2023.jpg

Ballots used for the 22 October general election.

President

The election of the president will be conducted under the ballotage system, a modified version of the two-round system. A candidate can win the presidency in a single round by either winning over 45% of the vote, or if they win 40% of the vote while finishing more than 10 percentage points ahead of the second-place candidate. If no candidate meets either threshold, a runoff takes place between the top two candidates. Voting is compulsory for citizens between 18 and 70 years old. Suffrage is also extended to 16- and 17-year-olds, though without compulsory voting.

Congress

Chamber of Deputies

The 257 members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected by proportional representation in 24 multi-member constituencies based on the provinces (plus the City of Buenos Aires). Seats are allocated using the d'Hondt method with a 3% electoral threshold. In this election, 130 of the 257 seats are up for renewal for a four-year term.

Province	Total seats	Seats at stake
Buenos Aires	70	35
Buenos Aires City	25	12
Catamarca	5	2
Chaco	7	3
Chubut	5	3
Córdoba	18	9
Corrientes	7	4
Entre Ríos	9	4
Formosa	5	3
Jujuy	6	3
La Pampa	5	2
La Rioja	5	3
Mendoza	10	5
Misiones	7	4
Neuquén	5	2
Río Negro	5	3
Salta	7	4
San Juan	6	3
San Luis	5	2
Santa Cruz	5	2
Santa Fe	19	10
Santiago del Estero	7	4
Tierra del Fuego	5	3
Tucumán	9	5
Total	257	130

Senate

The 72 members of the Senate are elected in the same 24 constituencies, with three seats in each. The party receiving the most votes in each constituency wins two seats, with the third seat awarded to the second-placed party. The 2023 elections will see one-third of Senators renewed, with eight provinces electing three Senators for a 6-year term; Buenos Aires, Formosa, Jujuy, La Rioja, Misiones, San Juan, San Luis, and Santa Cruz.

Presidential candidates

Main article: 2023 Argentine primary elections

The following candidates participated in the Open, Simultaneous and Mandatory Primaries (PASO), which were held on 13 August 2023. The primaries determined the candidates of each coalition. Coalitions who received less than 1.5% of the votes will not be able to participate in the general election on 22 October.

Advanced to runoff election

Name Birth date and place			Prior experience	Party	Vice President	Coalition		Ref
Sergio Massa b. 1972 (age ) San Martín, Buenos Aires Province	100px		Minister of Economy (2022–present) See more President of the Chamber of Deputies (2019–2022) National Deputy from Buenos Aires Province (2013–2017; 2019–2022) Mayor of Tigre (2007–2008; 2009–2013) Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers (2008–2009) Executive Director of ANSES (2002–2007) Provincial Deputy of Buenos Aires (1999–2002) 2015 presidential candidate under the United for a New Alternative coalition	70x70px Renewal Front	Cabinet Chief Agustín Rossi (PJ)		70x70px Union for the Homeland Member parties Justicialist Party Renewal Front Evita Movement Broad Front Victory Party Kolina New Encounter FORJA Concertation Party Patria Grande Front Solidary Party Federal Party Intransigent Party Communist Party Popular Unity Party of Culture, Education and Labour Revolutionary Communist Party Party of Labour and Equity
Javier Milei b. 1970 (age ) Buenos Aires	100px		National Deputy from the City of Buenos Aires (2021–present)	70x70px Libertarian Party	National Deputy Victoria Villarruel (PD)		70x70px Liberty Advances Member parties Libertarian Party National Democratic Party Democratic Party Integration and Development Movement (Factions) Republican Force Federal Renewal Party Renewal Crusade Unite for Freedom and Dignity Neighborhood Confederation of Entre Ríos Pensioners and Youth Movement

Defeated in the first round

Name Birth date and place			Prior experience	Party	Vice President	Coalition		Ref
Patricia Bullrich b. 1956 (age ) Buenos Aires	100px		Minister of Security (2015–2019) See more National Deputy from the City of Buenos Aires (1993–1997; 2007–2015) Minister of Social Security (October–November 2001) Minister of Labour, Employment and Human Resources (2000–2001)	70x70px Republican Proposal	Former National Deputy Luis Petri (UCR)		70x70px Together for Change Member parties Republican Proposal Radical Civic Union Civic Coalition ARI Generation for a National Encounter UNIR Constitutional Nationalist Party Democratic Progressive Party Federal Republican Encounter
Juan Schiaretti b. 1949 (age ) Córdoba, Córdoba Province	100px		Governor of Córdoba Province (2007–2011; 2015–present) See more Vice Governor of Córdoba Province (2003–2007) Federal Interventor of Santiago del Estero Province (1993–1995)	70x70px Justicialist Party	National Deputy Florencio Randazzo (HACER)		70x70px We Do for Our Country Member parties Socialist Party Christian Democratic Party Autonomist Party
Myriam Bregman b. 1972 (age ) Timote, Buenos Aires Province	100px		National Deputy from Buenos Aires Province (2015–2016) and the City of Buenos Aires (2021–present) See more Legislator of Buenos Aires City (2017–2021) 2015 vice presidential candidate under the Workers' Left Front coalition	70x70px Socialist Workers' Party	National Deputy Nicolás del Caño (PTS)		70x70px Workers' Left Front – Unity Member parties Workers' Party Socialist Workers' Party Socialist Left Socialist Workers' Movement

Defeated in a winning coalition in the primary elections

Name Birth date and place			Prior experience	Party	Vice President	Coalition		Ref
Juan Grabois b. 1983 (age ) San Isidro, Buenos Aires Province	100px		Leader of the Patria Grande Front	70x70px Patria Grande Front	Doctor Paula Abal Medina (FPG)		70x70px Union for the Homeland Member parties Justicialist Party Renewal Front Evita Movement Broad Front Victory Party Kolina New Encounter FORJA Concertation Party Patria Grande Front Solidary Party Federal Party Intransigent Party Communist Party Popular Unity Party of Culture, Education and Labour Revolutionary Communist Party Party of Labour and Equity
Horacio Rodríguez Larreta b. 1965 (age ) Buenos Aires	100px		Mayor of Buenos Aires (2015–present) See more Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers of Buenos Aires (2007–2015)	70x70px Republican Proposal	Governor of Jujuy Gerardo Morales (UCR)		70x70px Together for Change Member parties Republican Proposal Radical Civic Union Civic Coalition ARI Generation for a National Encounter UNIR Constitutional Nationalist Party Democratic Progressive Party Federal Republican Encounter
Gabriel Solano b. 1974 (age ) Buenos Aires	100px		Legislator of Buenos Aires City (2017–2020; 2021–present) See more president of the Workers' Party (2019–present)	70x70px Workers' Party	Former Legislator of Buenos Aires City Vilma Ripoll (MST)		70x70px Workers' Left Front – Unity Member parties Workers' Party Socialist Workers' Party Socialist Left Socialist Workers' Movement

Defeated in the primary elections

Name Birth date and place			Prior experience	Party	Vice President	Coalition		Ref
Guillermo Moreno b. 1955 (age ) Buenos Aires	100px		Secretary of Domestic Trade (2006–2013) See more Under-Secretary of Production for the City of Buenos Aires (1990–1993)	70x70px Principles and Values Party	Secretary General of APOPS Leonardo Fabre (PyV)		70x70px Principles and Values Member parties People's Party Principles and Values
Paula Arias	100px		–	70x70px Labour Party	Walter Vera (PL)
Carina Bartolini	100px		–	70x70px Justicialist Party	Mabel Gómez (PJ)
Eliodoro Martínez	100px		Leader of the CABA wing of the Action for the Republic	70x70px Action for the Republic	Vicente Souto (APLR)
Jorge Oliver	100px		Journalist and political analist	Three Flags group	Ezequiel San Martín (Three Flags)
Manuela Castañeira b. 1984 (age ) Paraná, Entre Ríos Province	100px		Sociologist	70x70px New MAS	Teacher Lucas Ruiz (New MAS)		70x70px New MAS
Jesús Escobar b. 1971 (age ) El Maitén, Chubut Province	100px		Provincial Legislator of Neuquén (2003–2007; 2011–2019)	70x70px Freemen of the South	Former Santiago del Estero City councilwoman Marianella Lezama Hid (Freemen of the South)		70x70px Freemen of the South Movement
Marcelo Ramal b. 1954 (age ) Buenos Aires	100px		Legislator of Buenos Aires City (2013–2015; 2015–2017)	70x70px Workers' Policy	Teacher Patricia Urones (PO)		70x70px Workers' Policy
Nazareno Etchepare	100px		Lawyer	Demos	Bachelor Fernando Lorenzo (DEMOS)		Liber.AR Member parties Unite for Liberty and Dignity Liber.AR
Ramiro Vasena	100px		Political leader	Reconquest Group	Political leader Víctor Aníbal Lagonegro (Reconquest)
Raúl Castells b. 1953 (age ) Rosario, Santa Fe Province	100px		Leader of the MIJD	70x70px MIJD	Social activist Adriana Reinoso (MIJD)		70x70px MIJD
Santiago Cúneo b. 1970 (age ) Buenos Aires	100px		Journalist and businessman		Falklands War veteran Gustavo Barranco (MIJD)
Mempo Giardinelli b. 1947 (age ) Resistencia, Chaco Province	100px		Writer, journalist and professor	Peace, Democracy and Sovereignty	Teacher Bárbara Solemou (PDyS)		Youth Project Member parties Humanist Party Youth Project Party National Liberation Movement Popular Consensus United for the South The Argentine Manifesto
Reina Ibáñez	100px		Sex worker	TODEX	Gonzalo Ibarra (TODEX)
Martín Ayerbe	100px		President of the Argentine Naval Forum Hipólito Bouchard	70x70px United Homeland	Hugo Rodríguez (United Homeland)
César Biondini	100px		Lawyer	70x70px Patriot Front	Teacher Mariel Avendaño (FP)		70x70px Patriot Front
Raúl Albarracín	100px		Provincial Legislator of Córdoba (2007-2011)	Neighbourhood Action Movement	Lawyer Sergio Pastore (MAV)		Neighbourhood Action Movement
Andrés Passamonti	100px		Leader of the UCEDE (Buenos Aires)	70x70px Union of the Democratic Centre	Public accountant Pamela Fernández (UCEDE)		70x70px Union of the Democratic Centre

Opinion polls

Main article: Opinion polling for the 2023 Argentine general election

Presidential election

First round

File:Encuestas de intención de voto Argentina 2023.svg

Second round

File:Encuestas de intención de voto Argentina 2023 (segunda vuelta).svg

Results

Primary elections

Main article: 2023 Argentine primary elections

President

Results by province, first round

Provinces won by Massa/Rossi

Provinces won by Milei/Villarruel

Provinces won by Bullrich/Petri

Province	Massa/Rossi (UP)		Milei/Villarruel (LLA)		Bullrich/Petri (JxC)		Schiaretti/Randazzo (HxNP)		Bregman/Del Caño (FIT-U)		Blanks/Invalid		Turnout
	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes	%
Buenos Aires	4,327,441	42.95	2,593,075	25.73	2,423,384	24.05	373,087	3.70	359,538	3.57	348,389	3.34	10,424,914	78.61
Buenos Aires City	616,182	32.18	382,488	19.98	789,454	41.23	58,788	3.07	67,666	3.53	49,056	2.50	1,963,634	72.97
Catamarca	104,322	42.83	78,017	32.03	41,719	17.13	15,677	6.44	3,841	1.58	20,616	7.80	264,192	77.42
Chaco	313,941	43.67	200,006	27.82	173,253	24.10	26,059	3.62	5,637	0.78	12,023	1.64	730,919	72.95
Chubut	111,752	32.22	121,842	35.13	71,343	20.57	26,722	7.70	15,187	4.38	10,193	2.85	357,039	74.83
Córdoba	309,044	13.42	773,428	33.58	521,310	22.63	667,447	28.98	31,922	1.39	37,952	1.62	2,341,103	75.73
Corrientes	262,170	37.21	189,282	26.87	226,371	32.13	19,215	2.73	7,464	1.06	17,980	2.49	722,482	77.40
Entre Ríos	283,136	33.31	252,719	29.74	255,236	30.03	45,540	5.36	13,248	1.56	49,758	5.53	899,637	78.16
Formosa	189,593	52.31	105,330	29.06	55,738	15.38	8,843	2.44	2,954	0.81	6,945	1.88	369,403	76.01
Jujuy	148,103	32.36	170,966	37.35	91,373	19.96	31,063	6.79	16,193	3.54	11,240	2.40	468,938	79.04
La Pampa	80,611	34.86	77,493	33.51	50,640	21.90	17,195	7.44	5,292	2.29	4,319	1.83	235,550	78.15
La Rioja	98,739	41.14	90,328	37.63	28,314	11.80	20,416	8.51	2,219	0.92	5,560	2.26	245,576	80.53
Mendoza	269,326	24.01	475,272	42.38	289,533	25.82	48,472	4.32	38,932	3.47	34,999	3.03	1,156,534	75.84
Misiones	277,836	37.93	309,077	42.19	105,384	14.39	30,036	4.10	10,228	1.40	25,033	3.30	757,594	76.07
Neuquén	135,881	31.76	157,187	36.74	87,952	20.56	25,438	5.95	21,356	4.99	19,450	4.35	447,264	80.33
Río Negro	168,235	37.85	150,079	33.76	80,591	18.13	27,782	6.25	17,847	4.01	20,523	4.41	465,057	77.54
Salta	304,880	38.00	323,105	40.27	110,702	13.80	49,587	6.18	14,014	1.75	25,419	3.07	827,707	75.49
San Juan	155,794	33.30	164,117	35.08	108,547	23.20	28,879	6.17	10,455	2.23	11,800	2.46	479,592	78.43
San Luis	88,235	27.33	139,894	43.33	67,517	20.91	20,159	6.24	7,055	2.19	9,934	2.99	332,794	78.69
Santa Cruz	67,336	37.79	64,687	36.30	29,234	16.41	11,757	6.60	5,161	2.90	15,058	7.79	193,233	72.41
Santa Fe	607,088	29.70	664,607	32.52	549,363	26.88	184,337	9.02	38,550	1.89	44,420	2.13	2,088,365	73.14
Santiago del Estero	416,597	65.77	144,659	22.84	50,749	8.01	13,489	2.13	7,912	1.25	13,315	2.06	646,721	79.29
Tierra del Fuego	40,889	38.20	36,202	33.82	16,043	14.99	9,767	9.12	4,137	3.86	3,363	3.05	110,401	74.16
Tucumán	476,361	44.93	371,130	35.00	155,273	14.64	42,313	3.99	15,253	1.44	34,941	3.19	1,095,271	82.65
Total	9,853,492	36.78	8,034,990	29.99	6,379,023	23.81	1,802,068	6.73	722,061	2.70	832,286	3.01	27,623,920	77.05

Results by province, second round

Provinces won by Javier Milei

Provinces won by Sergio Massa

	Javier Milei LLA		Sergio Massa UxP		Margin		Province total
Province	#	%	#	%	#	%	#

Aftermath

In the run-off, Milei defeated Massa in what was described as a historic election, with Massa conceding peacefully.