Alids

For other uses, see Aleviler.

For the mainly Syrian-Shi’ite religious group, see Alawis. For the mainly mystical branch of Twelver-Shi’ites in Turkey, see Alevis.

The Alids are the dynasties descended from Ali ibn Abi Talib, son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (see Family tree of Muhammad and Family tree of Husayn ibn Ali). Shia Muslims consider him the First Imam appointed by Muhammad and the first rightful caliph.

Lines of descent

Sharif Hussein, Sharif, Kings, Khalifa is Hejaz and Haram El-Sharif' & Father Abdullah I of Jordan, Founder Kings of Jordan; Faisal I of Iraq, Kings of Iraq. Sharif Hussein is the Hashemite and Alids from Hassan Al-Mujtaba.

Primarily Sunnis in the Arab world reserve the term sharif or "sherif" for descendants of Hasan ibn Ali, while sayyid is used for descendants of Husayn ibn Ali. Both Hasan and Husayn are grandchildren of Prophet Muhammad, through the marriage of his cousin Ali and his daughter Fatima. However ever since the post-Hashemite era began, the term sayyid has been used to denote descendants from both Hasan and Husayn. Arab Shiites use the terms sayyid and habib to denote descendants from both Hasan and Husayn; see also ashraf.

To try to resolve the confusion surrounding the descendants of Muhammad, the Ottoman Caliphs during the 19th Century C.E. attempted to replicate the Almanach de Gotha (the tome listing the Noble houses of Europe) to show known and verifiable lines of descent. Although not 100% complete in its scope (some lines might have been excluded due to lack of proof, although no false lines are included) the resulting "Kitab al-Ashraf" (Book of the Sharifs), kept at the Topkapi Palace Museum in Istanbul is one of the best sources of evidence of descent from Muhammad.

There are several dynasties of Alid origin:

• Ali ibn Abi Talib
  • Hasan ibn Ali
    • Zayd ibn Hasan
      • Hasan ibn Zayd of the Zaydid dynasty of Tabaristan (Alavids)
    • Hasan ibn Hasan al-Mu'thannā
      • Abd Allah al-Kāmil
        • Musa al-Djawn
          • Ibrahim
            • Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Ukhaidhir of the Ukhaydhirite dynasty of Al-Yamamah
      • Daud ibn Hasan
        • Sulayman ibn Daud of the Sulaymanid dynasty of Yemen
      • Ibrahim ibn Hasan
        • Ismail ibn Ibrahim
          • Ibrahim Tabataba ibn Ismail
            • Qasim al-Rassi of the Rassid dynasty of Yemen
      • Abdallah ibn Hassan
        • Djafar ibn Abdallah of the Sharifs of Sousse, Tunisia
        • Muhammad ibn Abdallah of the Alaouite dynasty of Morocco
        • Idris ibn Abdallah of the Idrisid dynasty of Morocco
          • Hammudid dynasty of Algeciras, Málaga, Sevilla and Kingdom of Granada
        • Sulayman ibn Abdallah of the Sulaymanid dynasty of, Tlemcen, Archgoul, Tenes (West-Algeria)
        • Musa ibn Abdallah
          • Abdallah ibn Musa
            • Musa ibn Abdallah ibn Musa
              • Banu Qatadah/Hashemites
                • Sharifs of Mecca
                • Kings of Jordan
                • Kings of Iraq
                • Kings of Hejaz
                • Kings of Syria
            • Salih ibn Abdallah of the Banu Salih of the old state of Ghana
            • Sulayman ibn Abdallah of the Sulaymanid Sharifs of Mecca
  • Husayn ibn Ali of the Shia Imams
    • Ismaili Imams
      • Fatimids
        • Nizari Imams
    • The Safavid dynasty claims descent from Husayn ibn Ali, sharing the first five original rulers with the Fatimids. Many scholars have cast doubt on this claim, and there seems to be consensus among scholars that the Safavid family hailed from Persian Kurdistan.
    • Al Qasimi (Qawasim) dynasty of Sharjah and Ras al-Khaimah, claims descent from the 10th Imam, Ali al-Hadi.

Dynasties with unclear lines of descent

• The Alid Dynasty of the Isaaq clan or Banu Isaaq clan of Somalia, who are descended from Ali through their ancestor Isaaq ibn Ahmad al Hashimi. Today, the Isaaq clan form the majority of the northern territory of Somaliland.
• The Alid Dynasty of the Muse clan or Banu Muse clan of Somalia, who are descended from Ali through there ancestor Muse ibn Mohammed al Hashimi. Today, the Muse clan formed the minority of the northern territory of Somaliland.

Genealogical trees

Simplified Alid Interrelationships as presented in Burke's Peerage

This is a table of the interrelationships between the different parts of the Alid dynasties:

Family of Alids

Below is a simplified family tree of Husayn ibn Ali. For the ancestors of ibn Ali see the family tree of Muhammad and the family tree of Ali. People in italics are considered by the majority of Shia and Sunni Muslims to be Ahl al-Bayt (People of the House). Twelver Shia also see the 4th to 12th Imamah as Ahl al-Bayt.

Family tree of Husayn ibn Ali

See also: Family tree of Husayn ibn Ali

Family tree of Hasan ibn Ali

The Hashemites of Sharifs of Mecca, Kings of Jordan, Syria and Iraq are descended from the other brother Hasan ibn Ali:

Genealogical tree of the Hashemite family showing their descent Muhammad the Prophet, which is contradictory to the previous family tree of Hasan bin Ali in some parts.

The Alaouites, Kings of Morocco, are also descended from the other brother Hasan ibn Ali through Al Hassan Addakhil:

Genealogical tree of the Alouite family showing their descent Muhammad the Prophet, which is contradictory to the previous family tree of Hasan bin Ali.

Genealogoical chart of the descent from the Prophet of the Idrisid dynasty, rulers of Fez and Morocco, Kings of Tunis, and the Senussi dynasty, founders and heads of the Libyan Senussi Order and Kings of Libya are also descended from the other brother Hasan ibn Ali through Al Hassan Addakhil.

File:Idrisid Tree.PNG

Genealogical tree of the Idrisid and Senussi family showing their descent Muhammad the Prophet.

See also

• Descendants of Ali ibn Abi Talib
• Family tree of Ali
• Family tree of Muhammad
• Family tree of Husayn ibn Ali
• Genealogy of Khadijah's daughters
• Kaysanites Shia

External links

• Descendants of Ali ibn Abi Talib (Dynastie des Alides, in French):[1]
• Hasanid branch of the Alides (among which the members of the (royal) Alouite dynasty of Morocco): [2]
• Idrisid branch of the Alides (among which the members of the (royal) Idrissid dynasty of Morocco): [3]
• Fatimid branch [4]