beta-Hydroxy beta-methylbutyric acid

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β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid[1]
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Names
IUPAC name
3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid
Other names
β-Hydroxyisovaleric acid
3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid
Identifiers
625-08-1 YesY
Abbreviations HMB
ChEBI CHEBI:37084 YesY
ChemSpider 62571 YesY
Jmol 3D model Interactive image
PubChem 69362
UNII 3F752311CD N
  • InChI=1S/C5H10O3/c1-5(2,8)3-4(6)7/h8H,3H2,1-2H3,(H,6,7) YesY
    Key: AXFYFNCPONWUHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N YesY
  • InChI=1/C5H10O3/c1-5(2,8)3-4(6)7/h8H,3H2,1-2H3,(H,6,7)
    Key: AXFYFNCPONWUHW-UHFFFAOYAC
  • O=C(O)CC(O)(C)C
Properties
C5H10O3
Molar mass 118.131 g/mol
Density 0.938 g/mL
Melting point −80 °C (−112 °F; 193 K)
Boiling point 88 °C (190 °F; 361 K) at 1 mmHg
Vapor pressure {{{value}}}
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB), or β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate, is a metabolite of the essential amino acid leucine and is synthesized in the human body. Its part in protein synthesis was discovered by Steven L. Nissen at Iowa State University.[2] It has been used in scientific studies to purportedly increase muscle mass and decrease muscle breakdown. Nissen held the original patent on the metabolite as a nutritional supplement. It was discovered in pigs and small quantities can also be found in grapefruit, alfalfa, and catfish. As a supplement it is usually sold as the calcium salt calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate.

Research published in the Journal of Applied Physiology has shown that HMB may have an effect on increasing muscle weight and strength.[2] A review in Nutrition & Metabolism provides an in depth and objective analysis of HMB research. [3] The same study lists as HMB's proposed mechanisms of action the following:

The human body produces about 0.2-0.4 grams per day. Standard doses in research studies have been 1.5 to 3.0 grams per day, usually divided into two doses. Toxicity at these doses is unlikely, as the no-observed-adverse-event-level (NOAEL) in rats is between 2.48 to 2.83 g/kg BW per day, roughly equivalent to 70 to 100 g/day in humans.[4]

References

  1. ↑ β-Hydroxyisovaleric acid at Sigma-Aldrich
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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