Borne government
| Borne government | |
|---|---|
 |
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| 2022–present | |
| 300x200px
Borne addressing the European Parliament in Strasbourg, France (2022)
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| Date formed | 16 May 2022 |
| People and organisations | |
| Head of government | Élisabeth Borne, Prime Minister |
| Head of state | Emmanuel Macron, President of the Republic |
| Ministers removed (Death/resignation/dismissal) |
6 resignations and dismissals |
| Member parties | |
| Status in legislature | |
| Opposition parties | |
| History | |
| Election(s) | 2022 French legislative elections |
| Legislature term(s) |
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| Predecessor | Castex government |
The Borne government (French: gouvernement Borne) is the forty-third and current government of the French Fifth Republic, formed on 16 May 2022 and headed by Élisabeth Borne as Prime Minister under the presidency of Emmanuel Macron.
Despite its minority status as a result of the June 2022 legislative election, the Borne government has survived multiple votes of no confidence in the National Assembly: one in July 2022 after Macron's refusal to accept the government's resignation, three in October 2022 in response to the use of constitutional article 49.3 by the government to pass a social security bill, as well as two in March 2023 again in response of the use of article 49.3 to pass a pension reform bill.
Contents
History
Formation
On 16 May 2022, more than three weeks after the presidential election and 9 days after the second inauguration of Emmanuel Macron, Jean Castex tendered the resignation of his government to the President of the Republic. The same day, the Élysée Palace informed the press that Élisabeth Borne, incumbent Minister of Labour, Employment and Economic Inclusion, would replace him and form a new government, the fourth since the election of Macron.[1]
Thus, Elisabeth Borne became the second female Prime minister of France, after Edith Cresson between 1991 and 1992
Parliamentary elections
Just about a month into its tenure, the Borne government fought the 2022 French legislative elections on the 12 and 19 June. Throughout the campaign, the government faced several political controversies such as rape accusations against the newly-appointed Minister for Solidarity Damien Abad and, the 2022 UEFA Champions League final chaos and its handling that drew widespread criticism at home and abroad.
In the first round, Macron's Ensemble coalition finished 1st, but almost tied with the left-wing NUPES coalition in the popular vote (25.8% vs. 25.7%). The National Rally (RN) came in third, with 18.7% of the votes. When compared with the 2017 legislatives elections' results, it represented a sharp decline from the 32.3% of votes Macron's coalition had attracted 5 years earlier. Nonetheless, the governing coalition was projected to retain its absolute majority, even by a razor-thin margin, in the second round by most pollsters.
In the second round, the Borne government unexpectedly lost its parliamentary majority and the legislative elections resulted in a hung parliament for the first time since 1988. The government, which had a 115-seat majority going into the election, was now 38 seats short of an overall majority, making it the weakest Cabinet in the history of the Fifth Republic. Additionally, 2 senior ministers and 1 junior minister lost their seats in the parliamentary elections and therefore had to resign: Brigitte Bourguignon (Health), Amélie de Montchalin (Ecological Transition) and Justine Bénin (junior minister for the Sea).
Borne, speaking from the Hôtel Matignon, told the French: "Tonight the situation is unprecedented. Never has the National Assembly known such a configuration under the Fifth Republic. This situation poses a risk for our country given the challenges we have to face both at home and abroad".
July 2022 reshuffle
Following the failure to secure a majority in the June elections but also as a republican custom after parliamentary elections, Elisabeth Borne offered her resignation to President Macron on the 21 June, but he refused it and asked her government to remain in office. Thus, Macron broke with an old unwritten rule under which, after parliamentary elections, the Prime Minister formally resigns and is re-appointed by the President, with the task of forming a new government.
On the 21 and 22 June, Macron held talks with the leaders of parties represented in parliament in an effort to secure a working majority either by forming a coalition government with an opposition party or by forming a national unity Governement. The talks failed to produce any tangible result. On 22 June, Macron addressed the Nation, acknowledging there was no majority in the new Assembly and calling on the "spirit of responsibility" of all political parties.
At the end of the month, Borne in turn held talks with parliamentary leaders from the opposition in order to find common ground and break the political deadlock in sight. The talks again failed.
On 4 July, Borne officially formed a minority government and Macron reshuffled the Cabinet on her proposal: senior ministers personally defeated in June were replaced and several new junior ministers were appointed, but in general manner, there was no significant change from the cabinet appointed in May. The same day, the Government's spokesperson, Olivier Véran, announced that the Governement would not seek a vote of confidence in the lower house as it is customary (but not obligatory).
On 5 July, the Borne government easily survived a motion of no-confidence tabled by the left-wing NUPES coalition.
16th legislature
On 20 March 2023, the Borne government narrowly survived a cross-party motion of no-confidence, clinging onto office by only 9 votes (278 votes against the government, therefore failing to reach the 287-threshold required to bring down the Cabinet), over the use of constitutional article 49.3 to push through the 2023 pension reform bill in the National Assembly.[2]
| Motion of no confidence tabled by LIOT and NUPES MPs |
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| Ballot → | 20 March 2023 | |
|---|---|---|
| Required majority → | 287 out of 573  |
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278 / 573
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| Abstentions or absentees
(de facto against the motion since only votes in favour are counted) |
295 / 573
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| Source | ||
On 12 June 2023, the Borne Cabinet survived its 17th motion of no-confidence since the beginning of the 16th legislature: the motion, brought forward by left-wing NUPES coalition in response to the use of constitutional article 40 to block an opposition-sponsored amendment reintroducing the 62-year retirement age on the centrist LIOT group's opposition day, was defeated with only 239 votes, 50 votes short of the 289-threshold required to overthrow the government.[3]
Initial composition
On 20 May 2022, the composition of the government (excluding the Prime Minister) was announced by Alexis Kohler from the steps of the Élysée Palace. The members of the previous government remained in office to deal with current and urgent matters until the appointment of the new government, as provided for in the French Constitution.
Ministers
- Deputy Ministers
| Portfolio | Attached minister | Name | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minister for Relations with Parliament and Citizen Participation | Prime Minister | Olivier Véran | RE-TDP | |
| Minister for Gender Equality, Diversity and Equal Opportunities | Isabelle Lonvis-Rome | DVG | ||
| Minister for Public Accounts | Minister of Economy, Finances and Industrial & Digital Sovereignty | Gabriel Attal | RE | |
| Minister of Territorial Collectivities | Minister of the Interior Minister for Ecological Transition and Territorial Cohesion |
Christophe Béchu | Horizons | |
| Minister for Foreign Trade and Attractiveness | Minister of Europe and Foreign Affairs | Franck Riester | Agir | |
| Minister for European Affairs | Clément Beaune | RE-TDP | ||
- State Secretaries
| Portfolio | Attached minister | Name | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Government Spokesperson | Prime Minister | Olivia Grégoire | RE | |
| State Secretary for the Sea | Justine Benin | DVG | ||
| State Secretary for Children | Charlotte Caubel | SE | ||
| State Secretary for Development, the Francophonie, and International Partnerships | Minister of Europe and Foreign Affairs | Chrysoula Zacharopoulou | RE | |
Change of the composition of the government in June 2022
In June 2022 Yaël Braun-Pivet resigned to be a candidate for the presidency of the National Assembly. She was replaced, as interim, by Elisabeth Borne.
Change of the composition of the government in July 2022
Following the French legislative elections, a change in the composition of the government was announced on 4 July 2022.
The reshuffle of the Borne government comes following the 2022 legislative elections. Emmanuel Macron's party La République En Marche! with the Ensemble coalition did not obtain an absolute majority in the National Assembly but only a relative majority. This therefore forced Prime Minister Elisabeth Borne to review her government to be more in line with the new legislature. In particular, the president and then the prime minister met with the party leaders and then the leaders of the parliamentary groups in order to find if the idea of a coalition government can be implemented.
Ministers
- Deputy Ministers
| Portfolio | Attached minister | Name | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minister for Democratic Renewal, Government Spokesman | Prime Minister | Olivier Véran | RE | |
| Minister for Relations with Parliament | Franck Riester | RE | ||
| Minister for Gender Equality, Diversity and Equal Opportunities | Isabelle Lonvis-Rome | DVG | ||
| Minister for Public Accounts | Minister of Economy, Finances and Industrial & Digital Sovereignty | Gabriel Attal | RE | |
| Minister for Industry | Roland Lescure | RE | ||
| Minister for Digital Transition and Telecommunications | Jean-Noël Barrot | MoDem | ||
| Minister for Small and Medium Enterprises, Trade, Crafts and Tourism | Olivia Grégoire | RE | ||
| Minister of Territorial Collectivities | Minister of the Interior and Overseas Minister for Ecological Transition and Territorial Cohesion |
Caroline Cayeux | DVD | |
| Minister of Overseas | Minister of the Interior and Overseas | Jean-François Carenco | RE | |
| Minister for Foreign Trade, Attractiveness and French Nationals Abroad | Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs | Olivier Becht | RE | |
| Minister for Education and Vocational Training | Minister of Labour, Employment and Integration Minister of National Education and Youth |
Carole Grandjean | RE | |
| Minister of Transport | Minister for Ecological Transition and Territorial Cohesion | Clément Beaune | RE | |
| Minister for Cities and Housing | Olivier Klein | FP | ||
| Minister for Territorial Organization and Health Professions | Minister of Health and Prevention | Agnès Firmin-Le Bodo | Horizons | |
| Minister for People with Disabilities | Minister for Solidarity, Autonomy and the Disabled | Geneviève Darrieussecq | MoDem | |
- State Secretaries
| Portfolio | Attached minister | Name | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| State Secretary for the Social and Solidarity Economy and Associative Life | Prime Minister | Marlène Schiappa | RE | |
| State Secretary for the Sea | Hervé Berville | RE | ||
| State Secretary for Children | Charlotte Caubel | SE | ||
| State Secretary for Citizenship | Minister of the Interior and Overseas | Sonia Backès | LRC | |
| State Secretary for European Affairs | Minister of Europe and Foreign Affairs | Laurence Boone | DVG | |
| State Secretary for Development, the Francophonie, and International Partnerships | Chrysoula Zacharopoulou | RE | ||
| State Secretary for Youth and National Universal Service | Minister of the Armed Forces Minister of National Education and Youth |
Sarah El Haïry | MoDem | |
| State Secretary for Veterans and Remembrance | Minister of the Armed Forces | Patricia Mirallès | RE | |
| State Secretary for Ecology | Minister for Ecological Transition and Territorial Cohesion | Bérangère Couillard | RE | |
| State Secretary for Rural Affairs | Dominique Faure | PR | ||
Civil service
- Aurelien Rousseau - Chief of Staff to the Prime Minister[4] (set to resign in early July 2023)[citation needed]
- Étienne Champion, Deputy Chief of Staff to the Prime Minister (set to resign in July 2023)[citation needed]
References
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 Governments of member states of the European Union |
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- ↑ https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/actualites-accueil-hub/reforme-des-retraites-plfrss-pour-2023-rejet-de-deux-motions-de-censure-et-adoption-du-texte-lecture-cmp
- ↑ https://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/retraites-la-motion-de-censure-de-la-nupes-rejetee-a-l-assemblee-20230612
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- French governments
- Cabinets established in 2022
- Emmanuel Macron
- 2022 establishments in France
- Current governments
- Élisabeth Borne
