CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1884

This article is about one of several different Cape Government Railways locomotive types to be designated "4th Class". For other CGR 4th Class locomotives, see Cape Government Railways 4th Class locomotives.

CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1884
South African Class 04 4-6-0 1884

Neilson works picture, c. 1884

Type and origin Power type Steam Designer Cape Government Railways (J.D. Tilney) Builder Neilson and Company Serial number 3068-3071 Build date 1883 Total produced 4

Specifications Configuration 4-6-0 (Tenwheeler) Driver axle 2nd coupled axle Gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge Leading dia Coupled dia Tender wheels Wheelbase 39 ft 2 in (11,938 mm)  • Engine 18 ft 3 in (5,563 mm)  • Leading 5 ft (1,524 mm)  • Coupled 8 ft (2,438 mm)  • Tender 9 ft 3 in (2,819 mm)  • Tender bogie Wheel spacing (Assymetrical) 1-2: 3 ft 4 in (1,016 mm) 2-3: 4 ft 8 in (1,422 mm) Length:  • Over couplers Height 12 ft (3,658 mm) Frame type Plate Loco weight empty Tender weight Loco & tender weight Tender type 3 axle (1 leading, 1 bogie) Fuel type Coal Fuel capacity 5 LT (5.1 t) Water cap 600 imp gal (2,700 L) engine 1,700 imp gal (7,700 L) tender Boiler:  • Pitch 5 ft 9 in (1,753 mm)  • Diameter 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)  • Tube plates  • Small tubes 143:  • Firebox type Round-top Boiler pressure 130 psi (896 kPa) Safety valve Salter Firegrate area 18.25 sq ft (1.695 m2) Heating surface 762.83 sq ft (70.869 m2)  • Tubes 679.6 sq ft (63.14 m2)  • Firebox 83.23 sq ft (7.732 m2) Cylinders Two Cylinder size 15 in (381 mm) bore 20 in (508 mm) stroke Valve gear Joy as built Stephenson converted Couplers Bell link-and-pin

Performance figures Tractive effort 11,396 lbf (50.69 kN) @ 75%

Career Operators Cape Government Railways South African Railways Class CGR 4th Class, SAR Class 04 Number in class 4 Numbers E49-E52 Delivered 1884 First run 1884

The Cape Government Railways 4th Class 4-6-0TT of 1884 was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.

In 1884, the Cape Government Railways placed four experimental 4th Class 4-6-0 tank-and-tender locomotives in service. It was designed by J.D. Tilney, the Locomotive Superintendent of the Eastern System, to be able to use the low-grade local coal with its high content of incombustible matter.

Stormberg coalfields

In 1883, the extension of the Eastern System's line from Queenstown reached Sterkstroom and passed through the Stormberg coalfields, where the Molteno and Cyphergat collieries were operating. While the Colonial coal was much cheaper than imported Welsh coal, it had a non-combustable content of as high as 29%, which led to difficulties when it was used in locomotives, since it frequently caused train delays due to stops to allow the firemen to clear the grate of clinker and ash.

File:J.D. Tilney.jpg

J.D. Tilney

Tests were carried out to compare the results obtained from the use of the sea-borne Merthyr coal, which was available at East London for use on down or inland journeys, and the Stormberg coal, which was used on the up or coastward journeys. It was found that the average fuel consumption on a return journey, when using Stormberg coal, was 63.35 pounds (28.7 kilograms) per train-mile, compared to 31.67 pounds (14.4 kilograms) per train-mile when using Merthyr coal.

In attempts to overcome the problem, J.D. Tilney, the Cape Government Railways (CGR) Eastern System's Locomotive Superintendent, carried out many experiments on some of the 4th Class locomotives, which had entered service on the Eastern System in 1880 and 1882. The most significant of these experiments involved modifying the boilers and frames to accommodate oscillating firebars and larger fireboxes.

Manufacturer

Based on the results of Tilney's experiments, complete sets of drawings for a 4-6-0 tank-and-tender goods locomotive, as well as a 4-4-0 American type tender passenger locomotive, were prepared at the CGR's Salt River shops in 1882. It was submitted to Neilson and Company, for the construction of two 4-4-0 and four 4-6-0 locomotives. In 1884 the experimental 4-6-0 locomotives, numbered in the range from E49 to E52, entered service on the Eastern System, for evaluation by Tilney.

Characteristics

The design of the two types was also an early attempt at standardisation, since the boilers and tenders and many other parts were made interchangeable. The three-axle tender was unusual, since the leading axle was mounted in a rigid frame while the other two were mounted in a bogie, a design which possibly had the aim of improving stability when running tender-first. This was the first time that a bogie was used under a tender in South Africa, but also the only time that this tender wheel arrangement was used on the CGR. This peculiar tender wheel arrangement appeared in South Africa on only one other occasion, eighteen years later on the Baldwin-built Zululand Railway Company contractor's locomotive in Natal.

Like the Neilson-built 4th Class 4-6-0TT of 1882, these locomotives were built with Joy valve gear, but they had smaller coupled wheels of diameter. The coupled wheels were not spaced equidistant from each other, with a wheelbase of 3 feet 4 inches (1,016 millimetres) between the first and the driver and 4 feet 8 inches (1,422 millimetres) between the driver and the third.

The locomotives gave good results in service, but were difficult to fire due to their very long and narrow grates. When better quality coal, more suitable for use in the standard locomotives, began to become available from the coalfields in Natal, no more locomotives of this experimental design were ordered.

Service

Cape Government Railways

The Joy valve gear was not considered entirely satisfactory. After Michael Stephens retired and H.M. Beatty took over as Chief Locomotive Superintendent of the CGR in 1896, these locomotives were converted to Stephenson valve gear and had their side-tanks removed.

By the time the three CGR systems linked up, the system number prefixes had been done away with and these locomotives were renumbered into the range from 641 to 644. By 1904, numbers 641 and 643 no longer appeared in the CGR locomotive register.

South African Railways

When the Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways, the CGR, the Natal Government Railways and the Central South African Railways, were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. Although the South African Railways and Harbours came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways required careful planning and was only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912.

By 1912, only no. 644 survived. Like the rest of the 4th Class locomotives, it was considered obsolete by the SAR, designated Class 04 and renumbered to 0644. It was scrapped by 1918.