Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1980
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The 1980 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1980 U.S. presidential election. Incumbent President Jimmy Carter was again selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1980 Democratic National Convention held from August 11 to August 14, 1980, in New York City. It is notable for being the last time that an incumbent president lost a state's presidential primary.
Contents
Primary race
In October 1978, Iran, a major oil supplier to the United States at the time, was experiencing a major uprising that severely damaged its oil infrastructure and greatly weakened its capability to produce oil.[1] In January 1979, shortly after Iran's leader Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi fled the country, lead Iranian opposition figure Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returned from a 14-year exile and installed an Islamist régime that was hostile towards the United States.[1] The damage that resulted from Khomeini's rise to power would soon be felt throughout many American cities.[1] In the spring and summer of 1979 inflation was on the rise and various parts of the country were experiencing energy shortages.[2] The gas lines last seen just after the Arab/Israeli war of 1973 were back and President Carter was widely blamed.
President Carter's approval ratings were very low—28% according to Gallup,[3] with some other polls giving even lower numbers. In July Carter returned from Camp David and announced a reshuffling of his cabinet on national television, giving a speech whose downcast demeanor resulted in it being widely labelled the "malaise speech." While the speech caused a brief upswing in the president's approval rating, the decision to dismiss several cabinet members was widely seen as a rash act of desperation, causing his approval rating to plummet back into the twenties. Some Democrats felt it worth the risk to mount a challenge to Carter in the primaries. Although Hugh Carey and William Proxmire decided not to run, Senator Edward M. Kennedy finally made his long-expected run at the Presidency.
Ted Kennedy had been asked to take his brother Robert’s place at the 1968 Democratic National Convention and had refused, in fear of his own safety. He ran for Senate Majority Whip in 1969, but many had thought that he was going to use that as a platform for 1972.[4] But then came the notorious Chappaquiddick incident that killed Kennedy's car passenger Mary Jo Kopechne. Kennedy refused to run for president in 1972 and 1976. Many of his supporters suspected that Chappaquiddick had destroyed any ability he had to win on a national level. However, in the summer of 1979, Kennedy consulted with his extended family, and that fall, he let it leak out that because of Carter’s failings, 1980 might indeed be the year. Gallup had him beating the president by over two to one.
Kennedy’s official announcement was scheduled for early November. A television interview with Roger Mudd of CBS a few days before the announcement went badly, however. Kennedy gave an "incoherent and repetitive"[5] answer to the question of why he was running, and the polls, which showed him leading the President by 58-25 in August now had him ahead 49-39.[6] Meanwhile, U.S. animosity towards the Khomeini régime greatly accelerated after 52 American hostages were taken by a group of Islamist students and militants at the U.S. embassy in Tehran and Carter’s approval ratings jumped in the 60-percent range in some polls, due to a "rally ‘round the flag" effect[7] and an appreciation of Carter's calm handling of the crisis. Kennedy was suddenly left far behind. Carter beat Kennedy decisively in Iowa and New Hampshire. Carter decisively defeated Kennedy everywhere except Massachusetts, until impatience began to build with the President’s strategy on Iran. When the primaries in New York and Connecticut came around, it was Kennedy who won.
Momentum built for Ted Kennedy after Carter's attempt to rescue the hostages on April 25 ended in disaster and drew further skepticism towards Carter's leadership ability.[8] Nevertheless, Carter was still able to maintain a substantial lead even after Kennedy won the key states of California and New Jersey in June. Despite this, Kennedy refused to drop out, and the 1980 Democratic National Convention was one of the nastiest on record. On the penultimate day, Kennedy conceded the nomination and called for a more liberal party platform in what many saw as the best speech of his career. On the platform on the final day, Kennedy for the most part ignored Carter.
The candidates
The three major candidates:
Candidate | Born [9] | Office Held | State | Popular vote | Delegations Won |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jimmy Carter |
October 1, 1924 (age 55) Plains, Georgia |
39th President of the United States (1977-1981) Incumbent |
Georgia |
10,043,016 (51.13%) |
IA, ME, NH, VT, AL, FL, GA, PR, IL, KS, WI LA, TX, IN, NC, TN, NE, MD, OR, AR ID, KY, NV, MT, OH, WV, MO, OR, WA |
Ted Kennedy |
February 22, 1932 (age 48) Boston, Massachusetts |
U.S. Senator from Massachusetts (1961-2009) |
Massachusetts |
7,381,693 (37.58%) |
AZ, MA, CT, NY, PA, ND DC, CA, NJ, NM, RI, SD |
Unpledged | 1,288,423 (6.56%) |
MI, AK | |||
Jerry Brown |
April 7, 1938 (age 42) San Francisco, California |
34th Governor of California (1975-1983) |
California |
575,296 (2.93%) |
— |
Also Withdrew During Primaries
-
Fmr. Governor
Cliff Finch
of Mississippi
Declined to Seek Nomination
-
Senator Frank Church of Idaho
-
HenryJackson.jpg
Senator Henry M. Jackson of Washington
-
Senator George McGovern of South Dakota
-
Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan of New York
-
Senator William Proxmire of Wisconsin
Statewide contest by winner
Results by state
Jimmy Carter | Ted Kennedy | Jerry Brown | Lyndon LaRouche | Cliff Finch | Richard Kay | Unpledged | Others | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
January 21 | Iowa caucuses | 59.16%[10] | 31.23%[10] | - | - | - | - | 9.61%[10] | - |
February 10 | Maine caucuses | 43.6%[11] | 40.2%[11] | 13.9%[11] | - | - | - | 2.4%[11] | - |
February 26 | New Hampshire | 47.08%[12] | 37.30%[12] | 9.60%[12] | 2.08%[12] | - | 0.51%[12] | - | 3.45%[12] |
March 4 | Massachusetts | 28.70%[12] | 65.07%[12] | 3.47%[12] | - | - | - | 2.17%[12] | 0.59%[12] |
March 4 | Vermont * | 73.08% | 25.53% | 0.90% | 0.02% | - | - | - | 0.48% |
March 11 | Alabama | 81.59% | 13.22% | 4.01% | - | - | - | 0.70% | 0.49% |
March 11 | Florida | 60.69% | 23.20% | 4.87% | - | - | 1.75% | 9.50% | - |
March 11 | Georgia | 88.04% | 8.40% | 1.89% | 0.13% | 0.36% | 0.22% | 0.96% | - |
March 16 | Puerto Rico | 51.67% | 48.04% | 0.19% | - | - | - | - | 0.10% |
March 18 | Illinois | 65.01% | 29.96% | 3.26% | 1.60% | - | - | - | 0.17 |
March 25 | Connecticut | 41.47% | 46.92% | 2.56% | 2.67% | - | - | 6.37% | - |
March 25 | New York | 41.08% | 58.92% | - | - | - | - | - | - |
April 1 | Kansas | 56.63% | 31.62% | 4.87% | - | 0.32% | - | - | 0.81% |
April 1 | Wisconsin | 56.17% | 30.10% | 11.83% | 1.10% | 0.29% | - | 0.43% | 0.08% |
April 5 | Louisiana | 55.74% | 22.52% | 4.68% | - | 3.11% | 0.94% | 11.60% | 1.42% |
April 22 | Pennsylvania | 45.40% | 45.68% | 2.34% | - | - | - | 5.82% | 0.78% |
April 22 | Vermont caucuses | 32%[13] | 45%[13] | - | - | - | - | 23%[13] | - |
April 26 | Michigan caucuses | 46.68%[14] | 48.08%[14] | - | - | - | - | 5.24%[14] | - |
May 3 | Texas | 55.93% | 22.81% | 2.58% | - | - | - | 18.68% | - |
May 6 | Washington D.C. | 36.94% | 61.67% | - | 1.39% | - | - | - | - |
May 6 | Indiana | 67.68% | 32.32% | - | - | - | - | - | - |
May 6 | North Carolina | 70.09% | 17.73% | 2.91% | - | - | - | 9.28% | - |
May 6 | Tennessee | 75.22% | 18.07% | 1.90% | 0.31% | 0.56% | - | 3.91% | 0.01% |
May 13 | Nebraska | 46.87% | 37.58% | 3.56% | 0.76% | - | - | 10.42% | 0.81% |
May 13 | Maryland | 47.48% | 37.96% | 3.00% | 0.92% | 1.03% | - | 9.62% | - |
May 20 | Oregon | 56.83% | 31.22% | 9.37% | - | - | - | - | 2.57% |
May 20 | Michigan caucuses ** | - | - | 29.38% | 11.41% | - | - | 46.40% | 12.81% |
May 27 | Arkansas | 60.09% | 17.52% | - | - | 4.34% | - | 18.05% | - |
May 27 | Idaho | 62.17% | 21.96% | 4.12% | - | - | - | 11.76% | - |
May 27 | Kentucky | 66.92% | 22.96% | - | - | 1.05% | 1.09% | 8.00% | - |
May 27 | Nevada | 37.58% | 28.82% | - | - | - | - | 33.60% | - |
June 3 | California | 37.64% | 44.80% | 4.04% | 2.13% | - | - | 11.38% | - |
June 3 | Montana | 51.46% | 36.65% | - | - | - | - | 11.89% | - |
June 3 | New Jersey | 37.87% | 56.18% | - | - | - | - | 3.48% | 2.48% |
June 3 | New Mexico | 41.80% | 46.26% | - | 3.01% | 2.82% | - | 6.11% | - |
June 3 | Ohio | 51.06% | 44.16% | - | 2.97% | - | 1.81% | - | - |
June 3 | Rhode Island | 25.85% | 68.30% | 0.81% | 3.03% | - | - | 2.01% | - |
June 3 | South Dakota | 45.45% | 48.60% | - | - | - | - | 5.95% | - |
June 3 | West Virginia | 62.18% | 37.82% | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Legend: | 1st place (popular vote) |
2nd place (popular vote) |
3rd place (popular vote) |
---|
* Vermont delegates selected via caucus process beginning April 22
** Michigan delegates selected via caucus process beginning April 26
Popular vote
Primaries total popular vote[15]
- Jimmy Carter (inc.) - 10,043,016 (51.13%)
- Ted Kennedy - 7,381,693 (37.58%)
- Unpledged - 1,288,423 (6.56%)
- Jerry Brown - 575,296 (2.93%)
- Lyndon LaRouche - 177,784 (0.91%)
- Others - 79,352 (0.40%)
- Richard B Kay - 48,061 - (0.25%)
- Cliff Finch - 48,032 (0.25%)
- Bob Maddox - 4,002 (0.02%)
- Donald J Reaux - 2,255 (0.01%)
Convention
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Presidential tally[16]
- Jimmy Carter (inc.) - 2,123 (64.04%)
- Ted Kennedy - 1,151 (34.72%)
- William Proxmire - 10 (0.30%)
- Koryne Kaneski Horbal - 5 (0.15%)
- Scott M. Matheson - 5 (0.15%)
- Ron Dellums - 3 (0.09%)
- Robert Byrd - 2 (0.06%)
- John Culver - 2 (0.06%)
- Kent Hance - 2 (0.06%)
- Jennings Randolph - 2 (0.06%)
- Warren Spannaus - 2 (0.06%)
- Alice Tripp - 2 (0.06%)
- Jerry Brown - 1 (0.03%)
- Dale Bumpers - 1 (0.03%)
- Hugh L. Carey - 1 (0.03%)
- Walter Mondale - 1 (0.03%)
- Edmund Muskie - 1 (0.03%)
- Thomas J. Steed - 1 (0.03%)
In the vice presidential roll call, Mondale was re-nominated with 2,428.7 votes to 723.3 not voting and 179 scattering.
Key results
Iowa caucuses
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Jimmy Carter (Incumbent) | 59.1% | |||
Democratic | Ted Kennedy | 31.2% | |||
Democratic | uncommitted | 9.6% | |||
Majority | 27.9% |
Presidential preference, state delegate equivalents, 96% of precincts reporting.[10]
Maine caucuses
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Jimmy Carter (Incumbent) | 14,528 | 43.6% | ||
Democratic | Ted Kennedy | 13,384 | 40.2% | ||
Democratic | Jerry Brown | 4,621 | 13.9% | ||
Democratic | uncommitted | 793 | 2.4% | ||
Majority | 1,144 | 3.4% |
At 4:38 p.m.—before a third of the caucuses had even begun—CBS interrupted its regular programming with the bulletin:
CBS News estimates that when the caucuses are completed, President Carter will have won just over half of [the Maine] delegates. Second will be Senator Kennedy with just over a third...We repeat, President Carter is the winner.[17]
New Hampshire primary
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Jimmy Carter (Incumbent) | 52,692 | 47.08% | ||
Democratic | Ted Kennedy | 41,745 | 37.30% | ||
Democratic | Jerry Brown | 10,743 | 9.60% | ||
Democratic | other | 6,750 | 6.03% | ||
Majority | 10,947 | 9.78% |
Massachusetts primary
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Edward Kennedy | 590,393 | 65.07% | ||
Democratic | Jimmy Carter (Incumbent) | 260,401 | 28.70% | ||
Democratic | Jerry Brown | 31,498 | 3.47% | ||
Democratic | no preference | 19,663 | 2.17% | ||
Democratic | other | 5,368 | 0.59% | ||
Majority | 329,992 | 36.37% |
Further reading
Books
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.. online review by Lou Cannon
See also
References
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- ↑ US News and World Report January 1969.
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- ↑ Time Magazine, 11/12/79
- ↑ http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-0027(199012)34%3A4%3C588%3AFPAPPC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-7
- ↑ The Iranian Hostage Rescue Mission
- ↑ Candidate ages listed as they were during the convention in 1932
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