Dubok (camouflage)
VSR-84 "Dubok" | |
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300px
Ukrainian Butan woodland pattern.
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Type | Military camouflage pattern |
Place of origin | Soviet Union |
Service history | |
In service | 1984–present |
Used by | See Users |
Wars | |
Production history | |
Designed | 1984 |
Produced | 1984–present |
Variants | See Variants |
The VSR-84 "Dubok"[1] (also "Butan"[2] or "Butane"[3]) is a tricolor military camouflage designed for the Soviet Armed Forces in 1984. After the dissolution of the USSR, it was used by the Armed Forces of Ukraine until 2014.[4]
The camouflage is sometimes known as TTsKO (Russian: Tryokhtsvetnaya kamuflirovannaya odezdha, lit. 'Three Color Camouflage').[5]
Contents
History
The Dubok was developed in 1984 for the former Soviet Army.[6] They were used by the Soviet Air Forces and Soviet Airborne Forces.[7] The pattern was first used in Afghanistan.[1]
Russian service
The Dubok was seen with Russian spetsnaz forces deployed in 1992 during the Transnistria War as "peacekeepers".[8]
The pattern was seen with officers while privates and other soldiers were using the VSR-93.[9]
Ukrainian service
Then-president Leonid Kuchma said in July 1993 that the Ukrainian military would receive new camouflage uniforms, but it was never issued.[10] By 1994, Duboks were seen with darker camouflage prints.[11]
Duboks in Ukrainian service were replaced by digital camouflage in 2014.[12] At the time, it was reported that Ukraine obtained Dubok fabric from Belarusian and Chinese producers.[13]
The Dubok was last used by Ukrainian troops in 2014 during the Donbass War, which was replaced by the MM14[2] from August 21, 2014.[1]
Design
The color scheme "oak", known as "amoeba",[14] consists of a light green background, on which spots of green and brown colors are applied.[6] Camouflage is designed to blur the silhouette at long and close distances.
Variants
Belarus
Belarus formerly used a clone of the Ukrainian Dubok desert variant.[15]
Croatia
Croatia used Soviet-era dubok as basis for clones made during the Croatian War of Independence.[16]
Estonia
Estonia made their versions of the TTsKO after it gained independence with inconsistent green colors.[17]
Moldova
Moldova used Ukrainian-made duboks, but with whorl-based shapes on the pattern.[18]
Ukraine
A desert variant was developed based on the Ukrainian version of the Dubok.[19][20] It's either known in the Ukrainian military as the Dubok-P (Desert) or Dubok-UA (Desert-UA).[1]
Users
Current
Unrecognized Entities
Former
Armenia: Formerly used by Armenian border guard forces.[21]
Azerbaijan: Used by Azeri border guard in the 1990s after the fall of the USSR.[22]
Belarus: Known to be used by Belarusian airborne and special forces units.[23] Ukrainian desert variant used in 2003-2004 with Belarusian soldiers in peacekeeping missions in desert scenarios.[15]
Croatia: Croatian clones of Soviet-era duboks used in the Croatian war of independence in 1991.[16]
Estonia: Formerly used by Estonian military and border guard forces.[17] Some uniforms were based on local TTsKO camouflage.[17]
Kyrgyzstan: Used by Kyrgyz military in the 1990s.[24]
Moldova: Moldovan troops used a variant of the Soviet-era TTsKo from 1991 to 1995.[18]
Afghanistan: Used by the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan until its dissolution in 1992.[citation needed] Passed on to various private armies such as Hekmatyar's Hezbi Islami, Massoud's Jamiat Islami and Dostum's Junbish.[citation needed]
Russia: Adopted in 1991.[25] Replaced later on by the VSR/Dubok in 1991 for specialist units in the Russian military before the rest of the military and the MVD received the pattern in 1994.
Serbian Krajina: Kninjas paramilitary forces used one piece coverall uniforms made from M82-based TTsKo.[26]
Soviet Union: Until dissolution in 1991, passed onto successor states.[citation needed]
Ukraine: Used by the Armed Forces of Ukraine until 2014.[27][4][28] Replaced from service by the MM14.[2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 https://mil.in.ua/en/articles/camouflage-of-the-ukrainian-army-from-butan-to-mm-14/
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Larson (2021), p. 469.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Greentree (2023), p. 60.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Galeotti (2015), p. 32.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ В украинской армии будет новая форма. Теоретически // "Красная звезда", № 169 (21156) от 28 июля 1993. стр.1
- ↑ https://chas.news/current/kamuflyazh-v-armiyah-ukraini-ssha-i-rosii-nazvi-kolori-ta-sekreti-uspishnogo-maskuvannya
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Larson (2021), p. 357.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Larson (2021), p. 367-368.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Larson (2021), p. 376.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Larson (2021), p. 411.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Larson (2021), p. 195.
- ↑ Larson (2021), p. 198.
- ↑ Larson (2021), p. 356.
- ↑ Larson (2021), p. 267.
- ↑ Larson (2021), p. 431.
- ↑ Larson (2021), p. 445.
- ↑ Larson (2021), p. 458.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Bibliography
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- Camouflage patterns
- Ukrainian military uniforms
- Military camouflage
- Military equipment of Ukraine
- Military equipment introduced in the 1980s