Fred Paterson

Fred Paterson
File:Fred Paterson - Queensland Politician.png
Member of the Queensland Parliament for Bowen
In office 15 April 1944 – 10 December 1949
Preceded by	Ernest Riordan
Succeeded by	Seat abolished
Personal details
Born	Frederick Woolnough Paterson 13 June 1897 Gladstone, Queensland
Died	Concord, Sydney
Political party	Communist
Spouse(s)	Lucy Ethel Blackman (m. 1924–1931; divorced) Kathleen Claire (m. 1932–1977; his death)
Children	2 sons
Alma mater	University of Queensland Merton College, Oxford

Frederick Woolnough 'Fred' Paterson (13 June 1897 – 7 October 1977) was an Australian politician, activist, unionist and lawyer. He was the only member of the Communist Party of Australia to be elected to an Australian parliament.

Early history

Paterson was born and raised in Gladstone, Queensland. He was educated at Brisbane Grammar School and then studied classics at the University of Queensland, before joining the military when the First World War broke out. He subsequently saw action on the battlefields of France. While in France, he was involved in two food-related strikes, which were both successful.

In January 1920, Paterson moved to Merton College, Oxford to study theology, after becoming a Rhodes Scholar. However, by the time he sat for his honours degree in 1922, his belief in Christianity had changed. He had witnessed extreme poverty in Ireland and parts of London, and this concerned him. Not long after returning to Queensland, Paterson joined the Communist Party of Australia.

Paterson began studying law in 1923. By 1924, he was giving lectures on Marxism. Then, in 1925, he began working for the Workers' Educational Association. This saw him addressing unions, giving lectures on the history of the working-class, and trying to increase the association's membership.

Politics and the Communist Party

In 1931, Paterson was admitted to the Bar. He based himself in Brisbane, but later that year went to Townsville to defend two Italian workers, who were charged with assaulting the Italian consul. As the Great Depression set in, Paterson became involved in fighting racist employment policies in the sugar industry. At the time, the unions and employer associations had a policy of refusing employment to Italian workers to combat unemployment in the industry. Paterson led a campaign by both the Communist Party and the Italian community and was successful in ending the practice. In 1933, Paterson left Brisbane completely, and set up in Townsville. He spent his time juggling both a part-time legal career and his burgeoning role as a travelling activist for the Communist Party. By this time, he had gained a reputation as a fine public speaker.

In April 1934, Paterson was nominated by the Communist Party as their candidate for mayor of Brisbane but he was easily defeated by Alfred James Jones, the Australian Labor Party candidate.

During the late 1930s, the Communist Party continued to grow rapidly in North Queensland, with Paterson at the forefront. He played a significant role in the union movement in the sugar industry during a key strike over workplace conditions, and became involved in the anti-fascist movement.

In 1939, Paterson stood successfully as an alderman for the Townsville City Council, becoming the first member of the Communist Party to win such an office in Australia. He was then re-elected in 1943. The same year, he stood for the federal seat of Herbert, but was defeated.

The next year, he again made history, when at his third attempt, he won the State electoral seat of Bowen at the 1944 Queensland state election. While Paterson had polled slightly behind his rival in Bowen itself, he was far in front in the mining and sugar-farming areas, which resulted in a significant victory. He retained the seat at the following election.

Demonstrations

After being elected to Parliament, Paterson largely gave up the law, to concentrate on his political career. He continued being actively involved in public issues, particularly through the union movement, and was a vocal critic of the government of the time. He often made speeches at the Domain in central Brisbane. Paterson was rewarded, retaining his seat at the 1947 state election. During the 1948 railway strike, he regularly joined the picket line in the mornings before going to sit in Parliament. He also gave the picketers legal advice. Paterson knew that the police had the power to order the picketers to move, but that they did not have the power to order them where exactly to move. He then devised a strategy where, as they were moved on by the police, the picketers simply moved around the block.

On 17 March 1948, near Central station in Brisbane, Paterson intervened to stop a police officer who was assaulting a demonstrator. He was then struck from behind by another officer, and was rushed to hospital in an ambulance, unconscious. Paterson was unable to do any political activity for some months afterwards. An inquiry into the incident found that no wrongdoing had occurred and no police officer was ever arrested or charged with the assault. During his recovery period, the Queensland branch of the Returned and Services League of Australia decided to expel him as a member for being a Communist. However, his return to Townsville, once sufficiently recovered from his injuries to travel, was widely celebrated.

End of political career

In a 1949 redistribution, Paterson's electorate of Bowen was abolished, and split between two new electorates: Burdekin and Whitsunday. It has been suggested that the redistribution was done deliberately to split Paterson's electoral support and prevent him from being returned to parliament in the 1950 election. At the time, Prime Minister Robert Menzies was launching his anti-Communist campaign, and was introducing legislation to prevent Communists from holding public office. Paterson contested the election in Whitsunday, but lost to Country Party candidate Lloyd Roberts.

His defeat at the 1950 election largely ended Paterson's political career. However, he was involved in the successful campaign against Menzies' anti-Communist measures together with Max Julius, and he continued to be involved in the union movement and Communist Party right up until his death in 1977.

Paterson and fellow communist Gilbert Burns were constantly the subject of surveillance by the federal security service more correctly known as the Commonwealth Security Service (CSS). The Brisbane office of the CSS was run by Bob Wake. Bob Wake's role in maintaining a watch on the CPA in Queensland, especially during the statewide railway strike of 1948 is documented in his son's book No Ribbons or Medals, the story of 'Hereward' an Australian counter espionage officer.

See also

• Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, 1944–1947
• Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, 1947–1950

External links

Parliament of Queensland
Preceded by Ernest Riordan	Member for Bowen 1944–1950	Abolished