Isotopes of rhodium

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Naturally occurring rhodium (Rh) is composed of only one stable isotope, 103Rh.[1] The most stable radioisotopes are 101Rh with a half-life of 3.3 years, 102Rh with a half-life of 207 days, and 99Rh with a half-life of 16.1 days. Thirty other radioisotopes have been characterized with atomic weights ranging from 88.949 u (89Rh) to 121.943 u (122Rh). Most of these have half-lifes that are less than an hour except 100Rh (half-life: 20.8 hours) and 105Rh (half-life: 35.36 hours). There are also numerous meta states with the most stable being 102mRh (0.141 MeV) with a half-life of about 3.7 years and 101mRh (0.157 MeV) with a half-life of 4.34 days.

The primary decay mode before the only stable isotope, 103Rh, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta emission. The primary decay product before 103Rh is ruthenium and the primary product after is palladium.
Relative atomic mass: 102.90550(2).

Table

nuclide
symbol		 Z(p) N(n)  
isotopic mass (u)
 		 half-life decay
mode(s)[2][n 1]		 daughter
isotope(s)[n 2]		 nuclear
spin		 representative
isotopic
composition
(mole fraction)		 range of natural
variation
(mole fraction)
excitation energy
89Rh 45 44 88.94884(48)# 10# ms
[>1.5 µs]		 β+ 89Ru 7/2+#
90Rh 45 45 89.94287(54)# 15(7) ms
[12(+9−4) ms]		 β+ 90Ru 0+#
90mRh 0(500)# keV 1.1(3) s
[1.0(+3−2) s]		 9+#
91Rh 45 46 90.93655(43)# 1.74(14) s β+ 91Ru 7/2+#
91mRh 1.46(11) s (1/2−)
92Rh 45 47 91.93198(43)# 4.3(13) s β+ 92Ru (6+)
92mRh 4.66(25) s
[2.9(+15−8) s]		 (≥6+)
93Rh 45 48 92.92574(43)# 11.9(7) s β+ 93Ru 9/2+#
94Rh 45 49 93.92170(48)# 70.6(6) s β+ (98.2%) 94Ru (2+,4+)
β+, p (1.79%) 93Tc
94mRh 300(200)# keV 25.8(2) s β+ 94Ru (8+)
95Rh 45 50 94.91590(16) 5.02(10) min β+ 95Ru (9/2)+
95mRh 543.3(3) keV 1.96(4) min IT (88%) 95Rh (1/2)−
β+ (12%) 95Ru
96Rh 45 51 95.914461(14) 9.90(10) min β+ 96Ru (6+)
96mRh 52.0(1) keV 1.51(2) min IT (60%) 96Rh (3+)
β+ (40%) 96Ru
97Rh 45 52 96.91134(4) 30.7(6) min β+ 97Ru 9/2+
97mRh 258.85(17) keV 46.2(16) min β+ (94.4%) 97Ru 1/2−
IT (5.6%) 97Rh
98Rh 45 53 97.910708(13) 8.72(12) min β+ 98Ru (2)+
98mRh 60(50)# keV 3.6(2) min IT 98Rh (5+)
β+ 98Ru
99Rh 45 54 98.908132(8) 16.1(2) d β+ 99Ru 1/2−
99mRh 64.3(4) keV 4.7(1) h β+ (99.83%) 99Ru 9/2+
IT (.16%) 99Rh
100Rh 45 55 99.908122(20) 20.8(1) h β+ 100Ru 1−
100m1Rh 107.6(2) keV 4.6(2) min IT (98.3%) 100Rh (5+)
β+ (1.7%) 100Ru
100m2Rh 74.78(2) keV 214.0(20) ns (2)+
100m3Rh 112.0+X keV 130(10) ns (7+)
101Rh 45 56 100.906164(18) 3.3(3) y EC 101Ru 1/2−
101mRh 157.32(4) keV 4.34(1) d EC (93.6%) 101Ru 9/2+
IT (6.4%) Rh
102Rh 45 57 101.906843(5) 207.0(15) d β+ (80%) 102Ru (1−,2−)
β− (20%) 102Pd
102mRh 140.75(8) keV 3.742(10) y β+ (99.77%) 102Ru 6+
IT (.23%) 102Rh
103Rh[n 3] 45 58 102.905504(3) Stable[n 4] 1/2− 1.0000
103mRh 39.756(6) keV 56.114(9) min IT 103Rh 7/2+
104Rh 45 59 103.906656(3) 42.3(4) s β− (99.55%) 104Pd 1+
β+ (.449%) 104Ru
104mRh 128.967(4) keV 4.34(3) min 5+
105Rh[n 3] 45 60 104.905694(4) 35.36(6) h β− 105Pd 7/2+
105mRh 129.781(4) keV 42.9(3) s IT 105Rh 1/2−
β− 105Pd
106Rh 45 61 105.907287(8) 29.80(8) s β− 106Pd 1+
106mRh 136(12) keV 131(2) min β− 106Pd (6)+
107Rh 45 62 106.906748(13) 21.7(4) min β− 107Pd 7/2+
107mRh 268.36(4) keV >10 µs 1/2−
108Rh 45 63 107.90873(11) 16.8(5) s β− 108Pd 1+
108mRh -60(110) keV 6.0(3) min β− 108Pd (5)(+#)
109Rh 45 64 108.908737(13) 80(2) s β− 109Pd 7/2+
110Rh 45 65 109.91114(5) 28.5(15) s β− 110Pd (>3)(+#)
110mRh -60(50) keV 3.2(2) s β− 110Pd 1+
111Rh 45 66 110.91159(3) 11(1) s β− 111Pd (7/2+)
112Rh 45 67 111.91439(6) 3.45(37) s β− 112Pd 1+
112mRh 330(70) keV 6.73(15) s β− 112Pd (4,5,6)
113Rh 45 68 112.91553(5) 2.80(12) s β− 113Pd (7/2+)
114Rh 45 69 113.91881(12) 1.85(5) s β− (>99.9%) 114Pd 1+
β−, n (<.1%) 113Pd
114mRh 200(150)# keV 1.85(5) s β− 114Pd (4,5)
115Rh 45 70 114.92033(9) 0.99(5) s β− 115Pd (7/2+)#
116Rh 45 71 115.92406(15) 0.68(6) s β− (>99.9%) 116Pd 1+
β−, n (<.1%) 115Pd
116mRh 200(150)# keV 570(50) ms β− 116Pd (6−)
117Rh 45 72 116.92598(54)# 0.44(4) s β− 117Pd (7/2+)#
118Rh 45 73 117.93007(54)# 310(30) ms β− 118Pd (4−10)(+#)
119Rh 45 74 118.93211(64)# 300# ms
[>300 ns]		 β− 119Pd 7/2+#
120Rh 45 75 119.93641(64)# 200# ms
[>300 ns]		 β− 120Pd
121Rh 45 76 120.93872(97)# 100# ms
[>300 ns]		 β− 121Pd 7/2+#
122Rh 45 77 121.94321(75)# 50# ms
[>300 ns]
  1. ↑ Abbreviations:
    EC: Electron capture
    IT: Isomeric transition
  2. ↑ Bold for stable isotopes
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Fission product
  4. ↑ Theoretically capable of spontaneous fission

Notes

  • Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
  • Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC, which use expanded uncertainties.

References

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  • Isotope masses from:
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  • Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
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  • Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
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Isotopes of ruthenium Isotopes of rhodium Isotopes of palladium
Table of nuclides
Isotopes of the chemical elements
1
H		 2
He
3
Li		 4
Be		 5
B		 6
C		 7
N		 8
O		 9
F		 10
Ne
11
Na		 12
Mg		 13
Al		 14
Si		 15
P		 16
S		 17
Cl		 18
Ar
19
K		 20
Ca		 21
Sc		 22
Ti		 23
V		 24
Cr		 25
Mn		 26
Fe		 27
Co		 28
Ni		 29
Cu		 30
Zn		 31
Ga		 32
Ge		 33
As		 34
Se		 35
Br		 36
Kr
37
Rb		 38
Sr		 39
Y		 40
Zr		 41
Nb		 42
Mo		 43
Tc		 44
Ru		 45
Rh		 46
Pd		 47
Ag		 48
Cd		 49
In		 50
Sn		 51
Sb		 52
Te		 53
I		 54
Xe
55
Cs		 56
Ba		 1 asterisk 72
Hf		 73
Ta		 74
W		 75
Re		 76
Os		 77
Ir		 78
Pt		 79
Au		 80
Hg		 81
Tl		 82
Pb		 83
Bi		 84
Po		 85
At		 86
Rn
87
Fr		 88
Ra		 2 asterisks 104
Rf		 105
Db		 106
Sg		 107
Bh		 108
Hs		 109
Mt		 110
Ds		 111
Rg		 112
Cn		 113
Uut		 114
Fl		 115
Uup		 116
Lv		 117
Uus		 118
Uuo
1 asterisk 57
La		 58
Ce		 59
Pr		 60
Nd		 61
Pm		 62
Sm		 63
Eu		 64
Gd		 65
Tb		 66
Dy		 67
Ho		 68
Er		 69
Tm		 70
Yb		 71
Lu
2 asterisks 89
Ac		 90
Th		 91
Pa		 92
U		 93
Np		 94
Pu		 95
Am		 96
Cm		 97
Bk		 98
Cf		 99
Es		 100
Fm		 101
Md		 102
No		 103
Lr
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