Lactifluus
| Lactifluus | |
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| Lactifluus piperatus | |
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Lactifluus
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Lactifluus is a genus of mushroom-producing fungi. It is one of three genera containing species commonly named milk-caps, the others being Lactarius and Multifurca. It has been separated from Lactarius based on molecular phylogenetic evidence and is very similar to that genus. Lactifluus species have a mainly tropical distribution, but are also found in the north temperate zone as well as Australia and New Zealand.
Contents
Systematics and taxonomy
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| Phylogenetic relationships of Lactarius, Lactifluus, Multifurca, and Russula.[1] |
The genus Lactifluus was described in 1806 by French naturalist Henri François Anne de Roussel, with the type species Lactifluus piperatus.[2] Later, Lactifluus was largely considered a synonym of Lactarius, until molecular phylogenetic work showed in 2008 that Lactarius was not a monophyletic group.[1] In the following, the name Lactarius was conserved for the biggest of the subclades revealed, containing most well-known north temperate species.[3][4][5] Thus, the name Lactifluus could be used for the smaller genus, necessitating only a few name changes, as combinations with Lactifluus had already been made previously for many temperate species.[3][6] New combinations have since been proposed for several species formerly classified in Lactarius.[7][8][9]
Description
Lactifluus closely resembles its lookalike genus Lactarius, with whom it shares the brittle flesh of the fruit bodies and the milk-like latex exuded when bruised. So far, synapomorphic characters for the genus have not been discovered, there are only tendencies that distinguish it from Lactarius.[6] Pleurotoid (laterally stiped) fruitbodies are only known in Lactifluus, while species with closed (angiocarpous) fruitbodies only occur in Lactarius.[6] Microscopically, thick-walled elements in the pileipellis and stipitipellis (cuticle of the stipe) and sphaerocytes in the trama of the lamellae are common in Lactifluus, but rare in Lactarius species.[6]
Edibility
Several species in the genus are edible. Lactifluus volemus especially is a choice mushroom in the northern temperate region.[10]
Species (selection)
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North temperate zone
- Lactifluus corrugis – 'corrugated-cap milky'
- Lactifluus deceptivus – 'deceiving milk-cap'
- Lactifluus hygrophoroides
- Lactifluus piperatus – 'peppery milk-cap'
- Lactifluus vellereus – 'fleecy milk-cap'
- Lactifluus volemus – 'weeping milk-cap' or 'voluminous-latex milky'
Tropical regions
- Lactifluus aureifolius
- Lactifluus densifolius
- Lactifluus edulis
- Lactifluus heimii
- Lactifluus madagascariensis
- Lactifluus neotropicus
Australasia
See also
References
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