List of tallest buildings in Europe

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Tallest buildings in Europe

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Further information: List of tallest structures in Europe and List of tallest buildings in the European Union

This list of tallest buildings in Europe ranks skyscrapers in Europe by height. For decades, only a few major cities such as Frankfurt, London, Paris, Rotterdam, Warsaw, Istanbul and Moscow, contained skyscrapers. In recent years, however, construction has spread to many other cities on the continent, including Amsterdam, Ankara, Barcelona, Brussels, Lisbon, Lyon, Madrid, Milan, Naples, Valencia, and others. Currently, several European cities have more than 10 skyscrapers above 100 metres (330 ft): Moscow, Istanbul (>100 each), Paris (72), Ankara (53), London (52), Frankfurt (30), Benidorm (26), Warsaw (21), Rotterdam (20), Madrid (15), Barcelona (14), Milan (14), Berlin (13), Kiev (11), Naples (10).

Tallest building

The Vostok Tower is located in Moscow International Business Center in Moscow, Russia. It is the tallest building in Europe, standing at 373.7 metres (1,226 ft). It is also the tallest building in Russia.

Tallest European skyscrapers

This lists ranks skyscrapers in Europe that stand at least 140 metres (459 ft) tall, based on standard height measurement. This includes spires[clarification needed] and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. Existing structures are included for ranking purposes based on present height. This list includes buildings under construction that have already been topped out.

Name City Country Height A
(metres)		 Height A
(feet)		 Floors Year built
Federation: Vostok Tower Moscow Russia 373.7 1,227 95 2015
OKO: South Tower Moscow Russia 354.1 1,154 85 2015
Mercury City Tower Moscow Russia 338.9 1,112 75 2013
The Shard[1] London United Kingdom 309.6 1,016 95 2012
Eurasia[2] Moscow Russia 308.9 1,013 72 2014
CoC: Moscow Tower[3] Moscow Russia 301.6 990 76 2010
Naberezhnaya Tower C Moscow Russia 290 881 59 2007
Triumph Palace[4] Moscow Russia 289 867 57 2005
Commerzbank Tower[5] Frankfurt Germany 259 849 56 1997
CoC: Saint Petersburg Tower[6] Moscow Russia 282 843 65 2010
Messeturm Frankfurt Germany 256.5 842 55 1990
Evolution Tower[7] Moscow Russia 278 837 53 2014
Torre Bankia Madrid Spain 248 820 45 2008
Istanbul Sapphire Istanbul Turkey 261 817 54 2011
Torre de Cristal Madrid Spain 249 817 45 2008
OKO Office Tower[8] Moscow Russia 259 804 49 2014
Federation: West Tower Moscow Russia 259 795 62 2007
Moscow State University Moscow Russia 257 787 36 1953
Imperia Tower Moscow Russia 255 783 60 2011
Palace of Culture and Science Warsaw Poland 237 779 43 1955
Torre PwC Madrid Spain 236 774 52 2008
1 Canada Square London United Kingdom 235 771 50 1991
Tour First ParisB France 231 758 56 2011
Unicredit Tower Milan Italy 231 758 35 2011
Heron Tower London United Kingdom 230 755 46 2011
Torre Espacio Madrid Spain 228 750 57 2008
Leadenhall Building London United Kingdom 225 738 48 2014
DC Towers: Tower 1[9] Vienna Austria 220 722 60 2013
House on Mosfilmovskaya 2[10] Moscow Russia 213.3 700 54 2011[11]
Sky Tower[12] Wrocław Poland 212 696 50 2012
Spine Tower Istanbul Turkey 211 693 51 2013
Tour Montparnasse Paris France 210 689 59 1972
Iset tower Yekaterinburg Russia 209 686 52 2015
SOCAR Tower Baku Azerbaijan 209 686 42 2014
Warsaw Trade Tower Warsaw Poland 208 682 43 1999
Westend Tower Frankfurt Germany 208 682 53 1993
CityLife - Isozaki Tower[13] Milan Italy 207 810 50 2015
Millennium Tower Vienna Austria 202 663 51 1999
Tour Incity Lyon France 202 663 39 2015
Folkart Towers A Izmir Turkey 200 656 47 2013
Folkart Towers B Izmir Turkey 200 656 47 2014
Batumi Technical University[14] Batumi Georgia (country) 200 656 35 2012
Tower 185 Frankfurt Germany 200 656 50 2011
Main Tower Frankfurt Germany 200 656 55 1999
Intempo Benidorm Spain 200 656 47 2013
25 Canada Square London United Kingdom 200 656 45 2001
8 Canada Square London United Kingdom 200 656 45 2002
Hotel Ukraine Moscow Russia 198 650 34 1955
Varyap Meridian Grand Tower 1 Istanbul Turkey 198 650 57 2012
Tour Majunga Paris France 195 545 45 2014
Anthill Residence 1[15] Istanbul Turkey 194.5 638 54 2011
Anthill Residence 2[16] Istanbul Turkey 194.5 638 54 2011
Tricolor Tower A[17] Moscow Russia 194 636 56 2013
Mirax-Plaza Tower A[18] Moscow Russia 193 633 47 2015
Złota 44 Warsaw Poland 192 630 54 2012
Vysotsky Tower[19] Yekaterinburg Russia 192 630 50 2011
Rondo 1[20] Warsaw Poland 192 630 40 2006
Continental[21] Moscow Russia 191 627 48 2011
BT Tower LondonB United Kingdom 191 627 34 1966
Tour Total ParisB France 190 620 48 1985
HSB Turning Torso Malmö Sweden 190 620 57 2005
Tour CB21 ParisB France 187 614 42 1974
Gran Hotel Bali Benidorm Spain 187 614 52 2002
Trianon Frankfurt Germany 186 610 45 1993
Rönesans Tower Istanbul Turkey 186 610 40 2014
European Central Bank seat Frankfurt Germany 185 607 45 2014
Tour GDF Suez ParisB France 185 607 36 2008
Tour Areva ParisB France 184 604 44 1974
Tour Granite ParisB France 184 604 36 2008
Tower 42 London United Kingdom 183 600 47 1980
Flame Tower 1 Baku Azerbaijan 182 597 39 2013
St George Wharf Tower London United Kingdom 181 594 49 2013
Isbank Tower 1 Istanbul Turkey 181 594 52 2000
My Towerland 1 Istanbul Turkey 181 594 52 2013
Cajasol Tower Seville Spain 181 594 43 2015
Varyap Meridian Tower 2[22] Istanbul Turkey 180 591 45 2013
Nida Palladium Tower Istanbul Turkey 180 591 40 2014
30 St Mary Axe London United Kingdom 180 590 41 2003
Sparrow Hills Tower II[23] Moscow Russia 178 584 48 2004
Roche Tower[24] Basel Switzerland 178 584 41 2015
Mertim Tower Mersin Turkey 177 580 52 1987
Edelweiss Moscow Russia 176 577 43 2003
Kotelnicheskaya Embankment Moscow Russia 176 577 32 1952
Aliye Parusa 2[25] Moscow Russia 175.6 576 48 2003
Akasya Tower Istanbul Turkey 175 565 55 2014
Avaz Twist Tower Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina 175 42 2008
Ministry of Foreign Affairs Moscow Russia 175 564 27 1953
Nordstar Tower[26] Moscow Russia 175 563 42 2009
Tour D2 Paris France 175 525 37 2014
Şişli Plaza Istanbul Turkey 175 558 46 2007
Özdilek 1 Istanbul Turkey 175 558 38 2014
Soyak Tower Istanbul Turkey 175 558 40 2014
Terrace Tema Istanbul Turkey 175 558 39 2014
Levent 199 Istanbul Turkey 175 558 40 2014
Opernturm Frankfurt Germany 175 558 42 2009
Taunusturm Frankfurt Germany 175 558 40 2014
Spinnaker Tower Portsmouth United Kingdom 175 558 4 2005
Beetham Tower Manchester United Kingdom 174 554 50 2006
Klovsky Tower Kiev Ukraine 173 554 48 2013
Tekstilkent Plaza 1 Istanbul Turkey 173 551 44 2000
Tekstilkent Plaza 2 Istanbul Turkey 172 551 44 2000
Mirax-Plaza Tower B[27] Moscow Russia 168 551 41 2015
Torre Intesa Sanpaolo Turin Italy 172 548 39 2013
Tour Alicante ParisC France 172 548 37 1995
Tour Chassagne ParisC France 172 548 37 1995
Maslak 42 1 Istanbul Turkey 171 548 42 2014
Maslak 42 2 Istanbul Turkey 171 548 42 2014
Swissôtel Krasnye Holmy[28] Moscow Russia 170.5 546 34 2005
Tour Carpe Diem Paris France 170 545 34 2013
Silberturm Frankfurt Germany 170 545 32 1978
Flame Tower 2 Baku Azerbaijan 169 541 36 2013
Maastoren Rotterdam Netherlands 169 541 35 2009
Tour Part Dieu Lyon France 169 541 42 1977
Tour EDF ParisD France 169 541 41 2001
Selenium Twins 1 [29] Istanbul Turkey 169 541 34 2008
Selenium Twins 2 [29] Istanbul Turkey 169 541 34 2008
Iberdrola Tower Bilbao Spain 169 541 40 2011
Broadgate Tower London United Kingdom 168.3 539 35 2009
Varyap Meridian Tower 3[30] Istanbul Turkey 168 538 41 2012
InterContinental Warsaw Warsaw Poland 168 536 45 2003
Seljuk Tower Konya Turkey 167 535 42 2006
BT Tower[31] Birmingham United Kingdom 163 535 42 2002
West Tower [32] Liverpool United Kingdom 162 531 37 2001
Well House na Leninskom[33] Moscow Russia 162 531 46 2009
Flame Tower 3 Baku Azerbaijan 161 528 28 2013
Palazzo Lombardia[34] Milan Italy 161.3 529 43 2010
Cœur Défense ParisB France 161 528 40 2001
Sparrow Hills Tower I[35] Moscow Russia 161 528 43 2004
Sparrow Hills Tower III[36] Moscow Russia 161 528 43 2004
Cosmopolitan Twarda 2/4 Warsaw Poland 160 525 42 2012
20 Fenchurch Street London United Kingdom 160 525 34 2014
Kudrinskaya Square [37] Moscow Russia 160 525 22 1954
Sky Tower 1[38] Istanbul Turkey 160 525 42 2010
Exen Plaza Istanbul Turkey 160 525 42 2010
Westend Gate Frankfurt Germany 159 522 47 1976
Rixos Bomonti Residence Istanbul Turkey 159 522 42 2012
Akbank Tower Istanbul Turkey 158 518 39 1993
Torre Lugano [39] Benidorm Spain 158 518 43 2008
New Orleans[40] Rotterdam Netherlands 158 518 45 2010
Torre Picasso Madrid Spain 157 515 43 1988
Four Winds 1 Istanbul Turkey 156 512 49 2013
Four Winds 2 Istanbul Turkey 156 512 49 2013
Four Winds 3 Istanbul Turkey 156 512 49 2013
Four Winds 4 Istanbul Turkey 156 512 49 2013
Parus Business Centre Kiev Ukraine 156 512 34 2007
UFC building Swansea United Kingdom 156 512 32 2004
Park Arkon Residence 1 Istanbul Turkey 155 509 39 2013
Torre Eurosky Rome Italy 155 509 35 2012
Tour Adria ParisB France 155 509 40 2002
Tour Egée ParisB France 155 509 40 1999
Deutsche Bank Tower I Frankfurt Germany 155 509 40 1984
Deutsche Bank Tower II Frankfurt Germany 155 509 38 1984
Trump Towers Istanbul[41] Istanbul Turkey 155 508 39 2010
Hotel Arts Barcelona Barcelona Spain 154 505 44 1992
Torre Mapfre Barcelona Spain 154 505 40 1992
Skyper Frankfurt Germany 154 505 38 2004
Uprise Elite [41] Istanbul Turkey 154 505 42 2010
Süzer Plaza Ritz-Carlton [41] Istanbul Turkey 154 504 34 1998
25 Bank Street London United Kingdom 153 502 33 2003
40 Bank Street London United Kingdom 153 502 33 2003
Bluehall building Southampton United Kingdom 153 502 35 2014
Polat Tower Residence [42] Istanbul Turkey 153 500 40 2001
Jaguar Tower Birmingham United Kingdom 152 500 31 1963
Blackpool tower BlackpoolD United Kingdom 152 499 36 1975
Gebouw Delftse Poort 1[43] Rotterdam Netherlands 151 497 41 1992
Torre Pontina[44] Latina Italy 151 495 37 2010
PRISMA[45][46] Yekaterinburg Russia 151 495 37 2009
Gazprom [47] Moscow Russia 151 495 35 1994
10 Upper Bank Street London United Kingdom 151 495 32 2003
Avenue 77 block 1[48][49] Glasgow United Kingdom 151 495 45 2008
Avenue 77 block 2[48][49] Glasgow United Kingdom 151 495 45 2008
Avenue 77 block 3[48][49] Moscow Russia 151 495 45 2008
arch-City Towers Newcastle United Kingdom 150 492 40 2015
Istanbloom Istanbul Turkey 150 492 44 2013
Hochhaus Neue Donau [50] Vienna Austria 150 492 34 2001
Tour Les Poissons Paris France 150 492 42 1970
South Tower Brussels Belgium 150 492 38 1967
Rembrandt Tower[51] Amsterdam Netherlands 150 492 36 1995
Dumankaya Ikon 1 Istanbul Turkey 149 489 41 2013
Dumankaya Ikon 2 Istanbul Turkey 149 489 41 2013
Dumankaya Ikon 3 Istanbul Turkey 149 489 41 2013
De Rotterdam Rotterdam Netherlands 149 489 43 2013
Europa Tower Vilnius Lithuania 149 489 33 2004
KölnTurm[52] Cologne Germany 148 486 43 2001
Eurotower Frankfurt Germany 148 486 39 1977
Strata SE1 London United Kingdom 148 486 43 2010
Özdilek Plaza 2 Istanbul Turkey 148 486 37 2014
Pan Peninsula London United Kingdom 147.4 484 48 2008
Sun Plaza [53] Istanbul Turkey 147 482 38 2005
Colonia-Hochhaus Cologne Germany 147 482 42 1972
House in Sokolniki [54] Moscow Russia 146.9 482 43 2008
Ministry of S&J[55] The Hague Netherlands 146 479 37 2012
Ministry of I&KR The Hague Netherlands 146 479 37 2012
Hochhaus Uptown München [56] Munich Germany 146 479 38 2004
Tour CMA-CGM[57] Marseille France 145 482 33 2009
Finance Tower[58] Brussels Belgium 145 476 36 1984
Jen-Tower Jena Germany 145 476 30 1973
Neguri Gane [59] Benidorm Spain 145 476 40 2002
Trump Towers Istanbul[60] Istanbul Turkey 145 475 37 2010
Torre Agbar Barcelona Spain 144.4 474 33 2004
Tour Bretagne Nantes France 144 472 37 1976
Warsaw Financial Center[61] Warsaw Poland 144 472 35 1998
Torre Solaria [62] Milan Italy 143 469 37 2013
Metrocity Tower 2 Istanbul Turkey 143 469 35 2000
Metrocity Tower 3 Istanbul Turkey 143 469 35 2000
TAT Tower 1 [60] Istanbul Turkey 143 469 34 2000
TAT Tower 2 Istanbul Turkey 143 469 34 2000
Metrocity Tower 1 Istanbul Turkey 143 469 31 2000
IFC Bomonti Hotel Istanbul Turkey 143 469 35 2013
Tour Pleyel ParisE France 143 469 38 1973
Guy's Tower London United Kingdom 142.6 468 34 1974
Leader Tower Saint-Petersburg Russia 142.5 468 42 2013
UP-site[63] Brussels Belgium 142 466 42 2013
Tour Dexia ParisB France 142 466 36 2005
City-Haus[64] Frankfurt Germany 142 466 42 1974
Frankfurter Büro Center[65] Frankfurt Germany 142 466 40 1980
City-Hochhaus Leipzig[66] Leipzig Germany 142 466 36 1971
Hoftoren The Hague Netherlands 142 466 30 2003
Westpoint Tower Tilburg Netherlands 142 466 48 2004
Torre de Madrid Madrid Spain 142 466 37 1957
Sea Towers Gdynia Poland 141.6 464 36 2009
Gulliver Kiev Ukraine 141 463 35 2012
Ušće Tower Belgrade Serbia 141 463 25 1961
Torre Diamante Milan Italy 140 459 30 2012
Montevideo Rotterdam Netherlands 140 459 43 2005
Centrum LIM[67] Warsaw Poland 140 459 43 1989
Oxford Tower, Warsaw Warsaw Poland 140 459 40 1978
West Tower Liverpool United Kingdom 140 459 40 2007
Izmailovsky 1 [68] Moscow Russia 140 459 37 2008
Izmailovsky 2 [68] Moscow Russia 140 459 37 2008
Sabanci Center 2 Istanbul Turkey 140 459 34 1993
Sisli Elit Residence [69] Istanbul Turkey 140 459 35 2000
Uphill Court 1 Istanbul Turkey 140 459 33 2008
Uphill Court 2 Istanbul Turkey 140 459 33 2008
22 Marsh Wall East Tower London United Kingdom 140 459 44 2010
Edificio Kronos[70] Benidorm Spain 140 459 41 2008
Sofaz Tower Baku Azerbaijan 140 459 24 2015
many lower buildings

Timeline of tallest buildings

This is the timeline of tallest buildings in Europe (excluding churches or basilicas/cathedrals).

Name City Years tallest Metres Feet Floors
OKO: South Tower Russia Moscow 2015– 354.1 1,154 85
Mercury City Tower Russia Moscow 2012–2014 338.8 1,112 75
The Shard United Kingdom London 2011–2012 309.6 1,004 87
City of Capitals Russia Moscow 2009–2011 301.6 989 77
Naberezhnaya Tower C Russia Moscow 2007–2009 268.4 881 59
Triumph-Palace Russia Moscow 2005–2007 264.1 867 57
Commerzbank Tower Germany Frankfurt 1997–2005 259 849 56
Messeturm Germany Frankfurt 1990–1997 257 843 55
Moscow State University Russia Moscow 1953–1990 240 787 42
Kotelnicheskaya Embankment Building Russia Moscow 1952–1953 176 577 32
Terrazza Martini Tower Italy Genoa 1940–1952 108 354 31
City Hall Austria Vienna 1892-1940[71] 105 344
Palace of Justice Belgium Brussels 1883-1892 104 341
City Hall Belgium Brussels 1420-1882[72] 97 318

Projects under construction

This lists buildings that are under construction in Europe and are planned to rise at least 135 metres (443 ft).

Name City Metres Feet Floors Finalised
Lakhta Center[73] Russia St. Petersburg 462,7[74] 1,516 87 2018
Skyland İstanbul Turkey İstanbul 284 932 65 2016
Diamond of Istanbul Turkey İstanbul 270 886 53 On hold
Warsaw Spire Poland Warsaw 220 721 50 2016
Sky Towers Ukraine Kiev 210 689 47 On hold
Piedmont Region Headquarters Italy Turin 209 686 42 2015
Crescent City Azerbaijan Baku 203 666 43 2016
Tour Incity France Lyon 200 660 39 2015
Q22 Poland Warsaw 195 545 42 2016
Mirax-Plaza Ukraine Kiev 192 630 46 On hold
Çiftçiler Zincirlikuyu 1 Turkey Istanbul 180 591 44 2016
Çiftçiler Zincirlikuyu 2 Turkey Istanbul 180 591 45 2016
CityLife - Lo Storto[75] Italy Milan 174.86 558 45 2015
Babillon Tower[76] Georgia (country) Batumi 170 558 47 2015
Odeon Tower Monaco Monaco 170 558 49 2015
IQ-quarter, Tower 1 Russia Moscow 169 554 42 2015
Sky Towers Ukraine Kiev 165 541 46 On hold
Ingria Tower Russia St. Petersburg 164 538 46 On hold
Porta Batumi Tower Georgia (country) Batumi 164 [77] 538 43 2016
1 Blackfriars United Kingdom London 163 535 49 2018
ru Russia Yekaterinburg 158 518 42 2017
ru Russia Ufa 155 509 42 2018
Dâmbovița Center Romania Bucharest 155 509 34 On hold
OpenVille UBC0[78] Romania Timișoara 155 509 27 2018
Hines Hochhaus [79] Germany Berlin 150 492 46 2016
CityLife - Il Curvo[80] Italy Milan 150 492 35 2015
Baltimore Wharf Tower United Kingdom London 150 492 46 2016
West 65 Serbia Belgrade 146 480 39 2016
Residential complex «Setun-Valley», Tower 1 Russia Moscow 144.9 475 39 2015
Cevahir Towers Republic of Macedonia Skopje 142 466 50 2016
Tour Trinity France Paris (La Défense) 140 459 32 2017
New Henninger Turm [81] Germany Frankfurt 140 459 39 2016
Tour La Marseillaise France Marseille 135 460 31 2017
IQ-quarter, Tower 2 Russia Moscow 135 460 33 2015

Tallest European skyscrapers by pinnacle height

Some skyscraper enthusiasts prefer this measurement, claiming that the extensions that can or cannot be deemed "architectural" are subjective. However, many non-architectural extensions (such as radio antennas) are easily added and removed from tall buildings without significantly changing the style and design of the building, which is seen as a significant part of the value of these buildings. The list includes all skyscrapers of at least 200 metres (656 ft) tall. However the height data is subject to fluctuations due to simple changing of mast extensions.

Name City Metres Feet Floors Completed
Mercury City Tower Russia Moscow 339 1,112 75 2013
The Shard United Kingdom London 309.6 1,016 95 2012
Eurasia Russia Moscow 309 1013 72 2013
City of Capitals Russia Moscow 302 989 76 2009
Commerzbank Tower Germany Frankfurt 300 985 56 1997
Naberezhnaya Tower C Russia Moscow 268 881 59 2007
Triumph-Palace Russia Moscow 264 868 57 2005
Sapphire of Istanbul Turkey Istanbul 261 856 54 2010
City of Capitals: Saint Petersburg Russia Moscow 257 843 65 2009
Messeturm Germany Frankfurt 257 843 55 1990
Torre Caja Madrid Spain Madrid 250 820 45 2008
Torre de Cristal Spain Madrid 249 817 45 2007
CityLife - Il Dritto[13] Italy Milan 247 810 50 2014
Federation West Tower Russia Moscow 242 795 62 2007
Main Tower Germany Frankfurt 240 787 55 1999
Moscow State University Russia Moscow 240 787 36 1953
Imperia Tower Russia Moscow 239 784 60 2011 [82]
Torre Sacyr Vallehermoso Spain Madrid 236 774 52 2007
Torre Espacio Spain Madrid 236 774 57 2007
One Canada Square United Kingdom London 235 771 50 1991
Unicredit Tower Italy Milan 231 758 35 2011
Tour First France Paris 231 758 56 2010
Palace of Culture and Science Poland Warsaw 230.7 757 43 1955
Heron Tower United Kingdom London 230 755 47 2010
House on Mosfilmovskaya 2 Russia Moscow 213.3 700 54 2012
Spine Tower Turkey Istanbul 211 693 51 2013
Anthill Residence 1 Turkey Istanbul 210 689 54 2011
Anthill Residence 2 Turkey Istanbul 210 689 54 2011
Gran Hotel Bali Spain Benidorm 210 689 52 2002
Tour Montparnasse France Paris 210 689 59 1972
Westend Tower Germany Frankfurt 208 682 53 1993
Warsaw Trade Tower Poland Warsaw 208 682 43 1999
Millennium Tower Austria Vienna 202 663 51 1999
Tower 185 Germany Frankfurt 200 656 51 2011
25 Canada Square United Kingdom London 200 656 45 2001
many lower buildings

See also

Notes

  • ^A To the architectural tip
  • ^B Specifically located in Courbevoie, in the inner suburbs of Paris
  • ^C Specifically located in Nanterre, in the inner suburbs of Paris
  • ^D Specifically located in Puteaux, in the inner suburbs of Paris
  • ^E Specifically located in Saint-Denis, in the inner suburbs of Paris

External links

References

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  1. ↑ http://www.the-shard.com/shard/a-vertical-city/
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Triumph-Palace official site Archived 26 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ↑ http://structurae.net/structures/commerzbank-tower (Radio antenna -300.25 m- is not part of the original designer of the building)
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ http://www.emporis.de/building/evolution-tower-moscow-russia
  8. ↑ http://www.emporis.com/building/oko-office-tower-moscow-russia
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Official site Archived 24 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ↑ Topped out in 2009, but still under construction
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ http://www.emporis.com/building/batumi-technological-university-tower-batumi-georgia
  15. ↑ CTBUH: Anthill Residence 1
  16. ↑ CTBUH: Anthill Residence 2
  17. ↑ http://www.emporis.com/building/tricolor-1-moscow-russia
  18. ↑ http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/moscow/mirax-plaza-1/1893/
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ CTBUH: Continental
  22. ↑ CTBUH: Varyap Meridian 2 Block
  23. ↑ CTBUH: Vorobiovy Gory Tower II
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ CTBUH: Nordstar Tower
  27. ↑ http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/moscow/mirax-plaza-2/2907/
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ CTBUH: Varyap Meridian 3 Block
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Wellhouse at Leninsky Official site
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ CTBUH: Vorobiovy Gory Tower I
  36. ↑ CTBUH: Vorobiovy Gory Tower III
  37. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ Official site
  39. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  40. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  42. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  43. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  44. ↑ http://www.vice.com/it/read/vita-vera-grattacielo
  45. ↑ PRISMA, Gefest metal factory
  46. ↑ Prisma, Yekaterinburg at emporis.com
  47. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 Avenue 77, Glasgow at emporis.com
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  50. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  51. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  52. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  53. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  54. ↑ Official site[dead link]
  55. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  56. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  57. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  58. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  59. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  61. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  62. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  63. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  64. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  65. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  66. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  67. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 Official site Archived 16 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  69. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  70. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  71. ↑ Vienna City Hall was originally 98 meters high, until the Rathausmann was added on top of the central tower in 1892.
  72. ↑ CTBUH Technical Paper
  73. ↑ CTBUH: Lakhta Center
  74. ↑ http://www.gazeta.ru/interview/nm/s3685321.shtml
  75. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  76. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  77. ↑ [1]
  78. ↑ http://openville.ro/page/en/102/BIROURI-CLASA-A.html
  79. ↑ http://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/berlins-mitte-erster-wolkenkratzer-am-alex-wird-ein-wohnturm/4602296.html
  80. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  81. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  82. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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