Modern Library 100 Best Novels

Modern Library's 100 Best Novels is a list of the best English-language novels of the 20th century as selected by the Modern Library, an American publishing company owned by Random House.

Editors' list (20th Century Great Novels)

In early 1998, the Modern Library polled its editorial board to find the best 100 novels of the 20th century. The board consisted of Daniel J. Boorstin, A. S. Byatt, Christopher Cerf, Shelby Foote, Vartan Gregorian, Edmund Morris, John Richardson, Arthur Schlesinger Jr., William Styron and Gore Vidal.

Ulysses by James Joyce topped the list, followed by F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby and Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. The most recent novel in the list is Ironweed (1983) by William Kennedy, and the oldest is Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad, which was first published in 1899. Conrad has four novels on the list, the most of any author. William Faulkner, E. M. Forster, Henry James, James Joyce, D. H. Lawrence, and Evelyn Waugh each have three novels. There are ten other authors with two novels.

Others criticise its focus on North America and Europe. In addition, some contend it was a "sales gimmick," since most of the titles in the list are also sold by Modern Library. Others note that both Modern Library and Random House USA, the parent company, are US companies. Critics have argued that this is responsible for a very American view of the greatest novels. British, Canadian and Australian academics, and even Random House UK, have differing lists of "greatest novels."

The following table shows the top ten novels from the editors' list:

#	Year	Title	Author
1	1922	Ulysses	James Joyce
2	1925	The Great Gatsby	F. Scott Fitzgerald
3	1916	A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man	James Joyce
4	1955	Lolita	Vladimir Nabokov
5	1932	Brave New World	Aldous Huxley
6	1929	The Sound and the Fury	William Faulkner
7	1961	Catch-22	Joseph Heller
8	1940	Darkness at Noon	Arthur Koestler
9	1913	Sons and Lovers	D. H. Lawrence
10	1939	The Grapes of Wrath	John Steinbeck

Readers' list (20th Century Great Novels)

A Reader's List 100 Best Novels was published separately by Modern Library in 1999. In an unscientific poll, over 200,000 self-selected voters indicated four of the ten-best novels of the 20th century were written by Ayn Rand, including the two novels that topped the list. Pulp science fiction writer and Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard had three novels in the top ten. The Reader's Poll has been cited by Harry Binswanger, a longtime associate of Rand and promoter of her work, as representative of "the clash between the intellectual establishment and the American people." Journalists such as Kyrie O'Connor and Jesse Walker have attributed the differences at the top of the list to ballot-stuffing or especially devoted followings, rather than accurate expressions of broad public opinion.

A separate Modern Library 100 Best Nonfiction list of the 100 best non-fiction books of the 20th century was created the same year.

The top ten books in the Readers' List:

#	Year	Title	Author
1	1957	Atlas Shrugged	Ayn Rand
2	1943	The Fountainhead	Ayn Rand
3	1982	Battlefield Earth	L. Ron Hubbard
4	1954–55	The Lord of the Rings	J.R.R. Tolkien
5	1960	To Kill a Mockingbird	Harper Lee
6	1949	Nineteen Eighty-Four	George Orwell
7	1938	Anthem	Ayn Rand
8	1936	We the Living	Ayn Rand
9	1985	Mission Earth	L. Ron Hubbard
10	1940	Fear	L. Ron Hubbard

See also

• Modern Library 100 Best Nonfiction
• Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century
• Larry McCaffery's list of the 20th Century's Greatest Hits: 100 English-Language Books of Fiction
• Marcel Reich-Ranicki's anthology of exemplary German literature Der Kanon
• Bokklubben World Library
• Western canon
• Banned books
• Great books

External links

• The Modern Library list
• New York Times Book Reviews of the 100 novels
• "Sound and Fury Over Top Novel List N.Y. publisher's selections signify little, critics say", SFGate, Steve Rubenstein, Tuesday, July 21, 1998

• Arthur Koestler's Darkness at Noon was originally written in German, but since the original German text was lost, and German versions, published under the title Sonnenfinsternis (literally "solar eclipse") are back-translations from English, it is reasonable to consider the English version the canonical text.
• "The Top 100? 100 best novels list draws heavy dose of criticism", via CNN. By Jamie Allen, May 6, 1999
• "Sound and Fury Over Top Novel List N.Y. publisher's selections signify little, critics say", SFGate, Steve Rubenstein, Tuesday, July 21, 1998
• 100 Best Novels, Modern Library