Montreal Hoshuko School
The Montreal Hoshuko School (French: École Hoshuko Montréal Inc, Japanese: モントリオール日本語補習校 Montoriōru Nihongo Hoshū Jugyō Kō) is a Japanese supplementary weekend school in Montreal, Quebec. The members of the Montreal Shōkōkai (モントリオール商工会; Japanese Association of Commerce and Industry) manage and assist the administrative and financial aspects of the Montreal Hokusho and have done so since the school's founding. The Montreal Hokusho serves both Japanese nationals and Japanese Canadians.[1] Classes are held at the Trafalgar School for Girls,[2] where the weekend school rents space.[3]
Contents
History
Due to requests from Japanese national parents, the Montreal Hokusho School opened in 1972;[1] the Japanese Ministry of Education (Monbusho) and the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs assisted the school's development.[4] This opening was one of the factors that caused Montreal's Japanese population to increase.[5] The Japanese school initially had a mission entirely focused on the expatriate population.[5] The Japanese national population of Montreal increased in the 1970s and 1980s due to the expansion of the Japanese economy, and this caused the hoshuko's enrollment to increase. Larger numbers of Japanese Canadian children, sons and daughters of immigrant parents, began attending the school in the mid-1980s.[4] Some Japan-born parents feared that the admission of non-Japanese nationals would cause the school to water down its curriculum and complicate their own children's entry into prestigious Japanese universities.[6]
The hoshuko's peak enrollment, with 95 students, was in 1989. Because many Japanese corporations and other corporations removed operations from Quebec, enrollment decreased after the 1980s. As fewer Japanese nationals attended, the Hokusho School increasingly began to accommodate the Canadian students.[5] By 2003 the numbers of students who each have one Japanese parent and one non-Japanese parent have increased, and as of that year the school now admits non-Japanese Canadians. Mary H. Maguire of McGill University stated that the school became a Japanese community gathering center, a "place of relaxation," and more open to cultural and ethnic diversity.[7]
The school previously held classes at the Westmount Park School in Westmount.[8]
Student and parent demographics
As of 2001 the enrollment was more than 50 students.[9] The school, as of 2003, has two main groups of students: children of academics and children of businesspersons. The businessperson families historically were the wealthiest segment and provided financial support for the weekend school. In the school's early years prominent positions of the school's steering committee included employees of the Bank of Tokyo, Mitsubishi, and Mitsui. Compared to the businessperson families, the academics have placed more focus on studies at the local schools and learning about other cultures.[4]
As of 2003, about half of the students were children of Japanese persons and about half were the children of ethnic Japanese born in Canada. Some students were from mixed marriages.[7]
As of 2001 some students commute from Quebec City and Sherbrooke. The school served families living in Ottawa until its own Japanese weekend school opened.[10]
See also
References
- Maguire, Mary H. (McGill University). "Identity and Agency in Primary Trilingual Children’s Multiple Cultural Worlds: Third Space and Heritage Languages" (Archive). In: Cohen, James, Kara T. McAlister, Kellie Rolstad, and Jeff MacSwan (editors). ISB4: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Bilingualism. Conference held from April 30 to May 3, 2003. Published May 2005. p. 1423-1445.
- Maguire, Mary H., Ann J. Beer, Hourig Attarian, Diane Baygin, Xiao Lan Curdt-Christiansen, and Reiko Yoshida (McGill University). "The Chameleon Character of Multilingual Literacy Portraits: Researching in "Heritage" Language Places and Spaces" (Chapter 7). In: Anderson, Jim, Maureen Kendrick, Theresa Rogers, and Suzanne Smythe (editors). Portraits of Literacy Across Families, Communities, and Schools: Intersections and Tensions. Routledge, May 6, 2005. Start page 141. ISBN 1135615535, 9781135615536.
- Yoshida, Reiko. "Political economy, transnationalism, and identity : students at the Montreal Hoshuko" (Master's degree thesis) (Archive). McGill University. August 2001. Information page. Unpublished thesis cited by Mary H. Maguire.
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Maguire, et al, p. 162.
- ↑ "所在地." Montreal Hoshuko School. Retrieved on March 30, 2014. "【住所】 3495 Simpson, Montréal, Québec H3G 2J7 c/o Trafalgar School for Girls"
- ↑ Maguire, p. 1432 (PDF p. 10/24). "The other two schools, the Chinese Shonguo and Japanese Hoshuko are privately funded, rent space for their Saturday schools from mainstream educational institutions, and thus have no visible identifiable logo or physical presence as a particular ”heritage language school”."
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Maguire, p. 1439 (PDF p. 17/24).
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Maguire, et al, p. 161-162.
- ↑ Maguire, p. 1439-1440 (PDF p. 17-18/24).
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Maguire, p. 1440 (PDF p. 18/24).
- ↑ "北米の補習授業校一覧" (Archive). National Education Center, Japan (国立教育会館). October 29, 2000. Retrieved on April 16, 2015. "モントリオール Ecole Japonaise D'cnseig nement c/o Westmount Park School 15 Park Place Westmount Quebec H3Z 2K4 Canada "
- ↑ Yoshida, p. 45 (PDF p. 51).
- ↑ Yoshida, p. 38 (PDF p. 44).
External links
- Montreal Hoshuko School (Japanese)
- Montreal Hoshuko School (Japanese) (Archive)
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The Japanese Ministry of Education (MEXT) designates most of these schools as hoshū jugyō kō. Schools in italics are not designated as such by MEXT.
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