Chang-Du dialect

Chang-Du
Nanchang
Native to	China
Region	Northwestern Jiangxi
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Chinese Gan–Hakka Gan Chinese Chang-Du
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
ISO 639-6	cagj
Glottolog	chan1317

Chang-Du or Chang-Jing dialect, sometimes called Nanchang dialect (simplified Chinese: 南昌话; traditional Chinese: 南昌話; pinyin: nánchāng huà) after its principal variety, is a dialect of Gan Chinese. It is named after Nanchang and Duchang County, and is spoken in those areas as well as in Xinjian, Anyi, Yongxiu, De'an, Xingzi, Hukou, and bordering regions in Jiangxi and in Pingjiang County, Hunan.

Phonetics and phonology

The Nanchang variety will be taken as representative.

Initials

		Bilabial	Dental/ Alveolar	Alveolo- palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m m 麻		ɲ gn 魚	ŋ ng 牙
Plosive	plain	p b 巴	t d 打		k g 加
	aspirated	pʰ p 怕	tʰ t 讀		kʰ k 卡
Affricate	plain		ts dz 渣	tɕ j 脊
	aspirated		tsʰ ts 茶	tɕʰ ch 喫
Fricative		ɸ f 花	s s 紗	ɕ sh 寫		h h 蝦
Lateral			l l 啦

Finals

The finals of the Nanchang dialect are:

	-					-i		-u			-n				-ŋ			-t				-k
-	a 扯	ɔ 何	ɛ 許	z̩ 柿	ə 儒	ai 敗	əi 噯	au 抱	ɛu 茂	əu 周	an 闲	ɔn 漢	ɛn 痕	ən 分	aŋ 正	ɔŋ 裝		at 八	ɔt 撥	ɛt 北	ət 不	ak 百	ɔk 剝
-i-	ia 惹		iɛ 佢	i 眉					iɛu 廟	iu 酒			iɛn 淹	in 隱	iaŋ 井	iɔŋ 獎	iuŋ 供			iɛt 革	it 乙	iak 脊	iɔk 腳	iuk 菊
-u-	ua 話	uɔ 禾	uɛ 哇	u 母		uai 懷	ui 委				uan 灣	uɔn 換		un 滾	uaŋ 梗	uɔŋ 廣	uŋ 共	uat 滑	uɔt 活	uɛt 國	ut 勿	uak 摑	uɔk 擴	uk 鹿
-y-			yɛ 瘸	y 豬								yɔn 軟		yn 笋					yɔt 絕		yt 戍

Syllabic nasals

Syllabic nasals	m̩ 姆	n̩ 汝	ŋ̍ 五

Consonantal codas

consonantal finals	-p	-t	-k	-m	-n	-ng
IPA	[-p]	[-t]	[-k]	[-m]	[-n]	[-ŋ]
Example	十	八	百	咸	限	横

Syllabic nasals	m̩ 姆	n̩ 汝	ŋ̍ 五

Tones

Nanchang has 5 tones, which are neutralized before a syllable-final stop.

Citation tones

Tone chart of Nanchang Gan

Tone number	Tone name	Tone contour	Description
1	yin ping (陰平)	˦˨ (42)	falling
2	yang ping (陽平)	˨˦ (24)	rising
3	shang sheng (上聲)	˨˩˧ (213)	dipping
4	yin qu (陰去)	˥ (5)	high
5	yang qu (陽去)	˨˩ (21)	low
6	ru sheng (入聲)	˥̚ (5)	checked
7	ru sheng (入聲)	˨̚ (2)	checked

References

• Běijīng dàxué zhōngguóyǔyánwénxuéxì yǔyánxué jiàoyánshì. (1989) Hànyǔ fāngyīn zìhuì. Běijīng: Wénzìgǎigé chūbǎnshè.(北京大學中國語言文學系語言學教研室. 1989. 漢語方音字匯. 北京: 文字改革出版社)
• Norman, Jerry. [1988] (2002). Chinese. Cambridge, England: CUP ISBN 0-521-29653-6
• Yuán, jiāhuá (1989). Hànyǔ fāngyán gàiyào (An introduction to Chinese dialects). Beijing, China: Wénzì gǎigé chūbǎnshè. (袁家驊. 1989. 漢語方言概要. 北京:文字改革出版社.)

External links

• Cantonese and other dialects (in Chinese)
• Classification of Gan Dialects from Glossika