Orexigenic
An orexigenic, or appetite stimulant, is a drug, hormone, or compound that increases appetite. This can be a naturally occurring neuropeptide hormone such as ghrelin, orexin or neuropeptide Y,[1][2] or a medication which increases hunger and therefore enhances food consumption. Usually appetite enhancement is considered an undesirable side effect of certain drugs as it leads to unwanted weight gain,[3][4][5] but sometimes it can be beneficial and a drug may be prescribed solely for this purpose, especially when the patient is suffering from severe appetite loss or muscle wasting due to cystic fibrosis, anorexia, old age, cancer or AIDS.[6][7][8][9][10] There are several widely used drugs which can cause a boost in appetite, including tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), tetracyclic antidepressants, natural or synthetic cannabinoids, first-generation antihistamines, most antipsychotics and many steroid hormones.
Agents with orexigenic effects include the following:
- 5-HT2C receptor antagonists/inverse agonists — mirtazapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, amitriptyline, cyproheptadine
- H1 receptor antagonists/inverse agonists — mirtazapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, amitriptyline, cyproheptadine
- Dopamine antagonists — haloperidol, chlorpromazine, olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine
- Adrenergic antagonists — carvedilol, propranolol; α2-adrenergic antagonists — mirtazapine; α2-adrenergic agonists – clonidine
- CB1 receptor agonists (cannabinoids — THC/dronabinol (a component of Cannabis), nabilone
- Corticosteroids — dexamethasone, prednisone, hydrocortisone
- Certain pregnene steroids — megestrol acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate
- Anabolic steroids — oxandrolone, nandrolone, testosterone
- Sulfonylurea antidiabetic drugs such as glibenclamide, chlorpropamide and tolbutamide
- Mood stabilisers such as lithium
- Some anti-epileptic drugs such as valproate, carbamazepine and gabapentin[11]
- α2δ VDCC ligands — pregabalin[12]
- Ghrelin receptor agonists such as anamorelin, GHRP-6, ibutamoren, ipamorelin, and pralmorelin
- MC4 receptor antagonists
- Insulin
- Sugars such as fructose[13]
See also
- Anorectic
- Anorexia
- Eating disorder
- Obesity
- Obesogen
- Organic feeding disorder
- Polydipsia
- Polyphagia (or hyperphagia)
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
Cite error: Invalid <references> tag; parameter "group" is allowed only.
<references />, or <references group="..." />- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ LYRICA® (pregabalin), CV. Full Prescribing Information, Section 5.7 (Weight Gain). Pfizer, Inc. Revised June, 2013. [1]
- ↑ http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/fructose.php
