Parson's chameleon

Parson's chameleon
File:Calumma Parsonii Ste Marie Madagascar.jpg
male C. p. parsonii "orange eye" variant
Conservation status
Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Lacertilia
Family:	Chamaeleonidae
Subfamily:	Chamaeleoninae
Genus:	Calumma
Species:	C. parsonii
Binomial name
Calumma parsonii (Cuvier, 1824)
File:Calumma parsonii distribution.png
Synonyms
Chamaeleo parsonii

The Parson's chameleon (Calumma parsonii) is a large species of chameleon that is endemic to isolated pockets of humid primary forest in eastern and northern Madagascar. It is listed on CITES Appendix II, meaning that trade in this species is regulated. As with the majority of chameleon species from Madagascar, it is illegal to export Parson's chameleons from their native country.

Description

File:Parson's Chameleon.jpg

Specimen

Among the largest chameleons in the world (variously reported as either the largest, or second-largest after the Malagasy Giant Chameleon), males have ridges running from above the eyes to the nose forming two warty horns. There are two recognized subspecies: The widespread Calumma p. parsonii reaches up to 68 cm (27 in) in length (about the size of a cat) and has no dorsal crest. Calumma p. cristifer, from near Andasibe, reaches , and has a small dorsal crest. Several colour variants are known within the range typically included in the nominate subspecies, but it is unclear if they are best considered morphs or different subspecies (at present, most consider them morphs). This includes "orange eye" aka "white-lipped" (generally considered typical of the nominate subspecies), where the male is relatively small and mainly green or turquoise but with yellow or orange eyelids; "yellow lip" where the male is somewhat larger and mainly green or turquoise, but with a yellow edge to the mouth; "yellow giant" where the male is very large and overall yellowish (strongly marked with dusky when stressed); and "green giant" where the male is overall green. Males of C. p. cristifer are overall green or turquoise. Females of both subspecies are smaller than the males and overall greenish, yellowish or brownish (often with an orange tinge).

Reproduction

In captivity, females lay up to 50 eggs per clutch; the eggs can take up to two years to hatch. The female's reproductive cycle allows for egg laying only once every two years. The hatchlings are independent once they dig themselves out of their underground nest. Once the nest is dug, eggs are laid and reburied, the female's parental obligations are concluded. Parents do not contribute any care towards the young.

References

• Parson's chameleon. ARKive.com. Accessed 23-01-2009
• Calumma parsonii parsonii. adcham.com. Accessed 23-01-2009
• Anderson, C. V. (2006). Captive Chameleon Populations. Accessed 23-01-2009