Parthenium

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feverfew
guayule
File:Starr 050423-6650 Parthenium hysterophorus.jpg
Parthenium hysterophorus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order:
Asterales
Family:
Asteraceae
Subfamily:
Asteroideae
Tribe:
Heliantheae[1]
Genus:
Parthenium
Type species
Parthenium hysterophorus[2][3]
Synonyms[1]

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Parthenium is a genus of North American shrubs in the sunflower tribe within the daisy family.[4][3]

The name Parthenium is derived from either the Greek word παρθένος (parthenos), meaning "virgin," or παρθένιον (parthenion), an ancient name for a plant.[5]

Members of the genus are commonly known as feverfew.[6] Notable species include Guayule (P. argentatum) which has been used as a rubber substitute, especially during the Second World War;[7] and also P. hysterophorus, a serious invasive species in the Old World.[8]

Species[1]
  1. Parthenium alpinum (Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray – Arkansas River Feverfew - NM CO WY
  2. Parthenium argentatum A.Gray – Guayule - TX, Coahuila, Guanajuato, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas
  3. Parthenium cineraceum Rollins - Bolivia, Paraguay
  4. Parthenium confertum A.Gray – Gray's Feverfew - AZ NM TX Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Querétaro, Tamaulipas
  5. Parthenium fruticosum Less. - from Tamaulipas to Chiapas
  6. Parthenium hysterophorus L. – Santa Maria Feverfew, Whitetop Weed - widespread in North + South America
  7. Parthenium incanum Kunth – Mariola - NV UT AZ NM TX Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas
  8. Parthenium integrifolium L. – American Feverfew, Wild Quinine - from TX to MA + MN
  9. Parthenium ligulatum (M.E. Jones) Barneby – Colorado Feverfew - CO UT
  10. Parthenium rollinsianum Rzed. - San Luis Potosí
  11. Parthenium schottii Greenm. ex Millsp. & Chase - Yucatán
  12. Parthenium tomentosum DC. - Oaxaca, Puebla

Uses

In North America, the Jicarilla Apache people used Parthenium incanum for medicine (Opler 1946: 8). The sap of Guayule (P. argentatum) is a source of natural rubber.[9] It is often mistaken for marijuana because of it being referred to as a "weed".

Gallery

File:Parthenium infestation in Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary.JPG
Parthenium hysterophorus in Achanakmar Tiger Reserve

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
  2. ↑ lectotype designated by N.L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. fl. n. U.S., ed. 2. 3: 464 (1913)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Tropicos, Parthenium L.
  4. ↑ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 988 in Latin
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Ray, D.T. 1993. Guayule: A source of natural rubber. p. 338-343. In: J. Janick and J.E. Simon (eds.), New crops. Wiley, New York.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. ISBN 0-89672-614-2
  • Opler, Morris E. (1946). Childhood and youth in Jicarilla Apache society. Publications of the Frederick Webb Hodge Anniversary Fund (Vol. 5). Los Angeles: The Southwest Museum Administrator of the Fund.
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