Spring steel
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Spring steel is a name given to a wide range of steels[1] used widely in the manufacture of springs, prominently in Automotive and Industrial suspension applications. These steels are generally low-alloy, medium-carbon steel or high-carbon steel with a very high yield strength. This allows objects made of spring steel to return to their original shape despite significant deflection or twisting.
Grades
Many grades of steel can be hardened and tempered to suit application as a spring, however some steels exhibit more desirable characteristics for spring applications.
| SAE grade (ASTM grade) | Composition | Yield strength | Typical hardness [HRC] | Maximum hardness [HRC] | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1074/1075[2] | 0.70–0.80% C, 0.50–0.80% Mn, max. 0.030% P, max. 0.035% S[3] | 62-78 ksi (430-530 MPa)[4] | 44–50[5] | 50 | Scaleless blue steel |
| 1080 (A228) | 0.7-1.0% C, 0.2-0.6% Mn, 0.1-0.3% Si[6] | Piano wire, Music wire | |||
| 1095 (A684)[2] | 0.90–1.03% C, 0.30–0.50% Mn, max. 0.030% P, max. 0.035% S[7] | 60–75 ksi (413–517 MPa) Annealed | 48–51[5] | 59 | Blue spring steel |
| 5160 (A689)[8] | 0.55–0.65% C, 0.75–1.00% Mn, 0.70–0.90% Cr[9] | 97 ksi (669 MPa) | 63 | Chrome-silicon spring steel; fatigue-resistant | |
| 50CrV4 (EN 10277) | 0.47-0.55% C, max. 1.10% Mn, 0.90-1.20% Cr, 0.10-0.20% V, max. 0.40% Si | 1200 MPa | Old British "735 steel" | ||
| 9255 | 0.50–0.60% C, 0.70–0.95% Mn, 1.80–2.20% Si[9] | ||||
| 301 Spring-tempered stainless steel (A666)[10] | 0.08–0.15% C, max. 2.00% Mn, 16.00–18.00% Cr, 6.00–8.00% Ni[9] | 147 ksi (1014 MPa) | 42 |
Applications
- Applications include piano wire such as ASTM A228 (0.80–0.95% carbon), which is also known as music wire,[11] spring clamps, antennas, springs, and vehicle coil springs, leaf springs, and s-tines.
- Spring steel is also commonly used in the manufacture of metal swords used for stage combat due to its resistance to snapping or shattering.[dubious ]
- Spring steel is one of the most popular materials used in the fabrication of lockpicks due to its pliability and resilience.
- Tubular spring steel is used in some of the smaller aircraft's landing gear due to its ability to absorb the shock from landing & also acts like damping.
- It is also commonly used in the making of knives, especially for the Nepalese kukri.
See also
References
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 http://www.admiralsteel.com/pdf/catalog.pdf
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Oberg, Erik, and F D. Jones. Machinery's Handbook. 15th ed. New York: The Industrial Press, 1956. 1546–1551. Print.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Oberg et al. 2000, p. 286.
