Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0)

Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0)

3D model of the tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0) molecule
Names
IUPAC name Tetrakis(triphenylphosphane)platinum(0)
Other names Tetrakis(triphenylphosphane)platinum(0) TPP platinum(0)
Identifiers
CAS Number	14221-02-4
PubChem	11979705
RTECS number	Unregistered
Properties
Chemical formula	C72H60P4Pt
Molar mass	1244.24 g/mol
Appearance	yellow crystals
Melting point	160 °C (320 °F; 433 K)
Solubility in water	Insoluble
Structure
Coordination geometry	four triphenylphosphine unidentate ligands attached to a central Pt(0) atom in a tetrahedral geometry
Molecular shape	tetrahedral
Dipole moment	0 D
Vapor pressure	{{{value}}}
Related compounds
Related complexes	Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(0) tris(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0)
Related compounds	triphenylphosphine
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0) is the chemical compound with the formula Pt(P(C₆H₅)₃)₄, often abbreviated Pt(PPh₃)₄. The bright yellow compound is used as a precursor to other platinum complexes.

Structure and behavior

The molecule is tetrahedral, with point group symmetry of T_d, as expected for a four-coordinate metal complex of a metal with the d¹⁰ configuration. Even though this complex follows the 18 electron rule, it dissociates triphenylphosphine in solution to give the 16e⁻ derivative containing only three PPh₃ ligands:

Pt(PPh₃)₄ → Pt(PPh₃)₃ + PPh₃

Synthesis and reactions

The complex is typically prepared in one-pot reaction from potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II). Reduction of this platinum(II) species with alkaline ethanol in the presence of excess triphenylphosphine affords the product as a precipitate. The reaction occurs in two distinct steps. In the first step, PtCl₂(PPh₃)₂ is generated. In the second step, this platinum(II) complex is reduced. The overall synthesis can be summarized as:

K₂[PtCl₄] + 2KOH + 4PPh₃ + C₂H₅OH → Pt(PPh₃)₄ + 4KCl + CH₃CHO + 2H₂O

Pt(PPh₃)₄ reacts with oxidants to give platinum(II) derivatives:

Pt(PPh₃)₄ + Cl₂ → cis-PtCl₂(PPh₃)₂ + 2 PPh₃

Mineral acids give the corresponding hydride complexes:

Pt(PPh₃)₄ + HCl → trans-PtCl(H)(PPh₃)₂ + 2 PPh₃

The reaction with oxygen affords a dioxygen complex:

Pt(PPh₃)₄ + O₂ → Pt(η²-O₂)(PPh₃)₂ + 2 PPh₃

This complex is a precursor to the ethylene complex

Pt(η²-O₂)(PPh₃)₂ + C₂H₄ → Pt(η²-C₂H₄)(PPh₃)₂ + "NaBH₂(OH)₂"