United States presidential election, 1916
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
531 electoral votes of the Electoral College 266 electoral votes needed to win |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Presidential election results map. Red denotes states won by Hughes/Fairbanks, Blue denotes those won by Wilson/Marshall. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
The United States presidential election of 1916 was the 33rd quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 7, 1916. Incumbent President Woodrow Wilson, the Democratic candidate, was pitted against Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes, the Republican candidate. After a hard-fought contest, Wilson defeated Hughes by nearly 600,000 votes in the popular vote and secured a narrow majority in the Electoral College by winning several swing states with razor-thin margins. Wilson's re-election marked the first time that a Democratic Party candidate had won two consecutive Presidential elections since Andrew Jackson won re-election in the 1832 election.
The election took place while Mexico was going through the Mexican Revolution and Europe was embroiled in World War I. Public sentiment in the still neutral United States leaned towards the British and French (Allied) forces, due to the harsh treatment of civilians by the German Army, which had invaded and occupied large parts of Belgium and northern France. However, despite their sympathy with the Allied forces, most American voters wanted to avoid involvement in the war, and preferred to continue a policy of neutrality. Wilson's campaign used the popular slogan "He kept us out of war" to appeal to those voters who wanted to avoid a war in Europe or with Mexico. The progressive Hughes criticized Wilson for not taking the "necessary preparations" to face a conflict, which served to strengthen Wilson's image as an anti-war candidate. The Republicans had supported a moderate interventionist policy under the previous three administrations, while no Democratic president had presided over a major war since James Knox Polk with the Mexican-American War.
Despite the narrow margin of his win, the 1916 election saw an increase in Wilson's popular vote from his election in 1912, when he won in a landslide in the Electoral College. Wilson accomplished this due to the split in the Republican vote in 1912 between William Howard Taft and Theodore Roosevelt, the former Republican president who was ran as a Progressive. In 1916, conservative and progressive Republicans were largely united under the moderate Hughes in their bid to oust Wilson. However, Wilson attracted many voters who had earlier supported Roosevelt. It is one of only three elections in which a nominee was elected president without the support of his state of residence (New Jersey). The other two were James Knox Polk (Tennessee, 1844) and Richard Nixon (New York, 1968). Wilson, however, did win his state of birth (Virginia), like Nixon (born in California), but unlike Polk (born in North Carolina).
Contents
Nominations
Republican Party nomination
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
Republican candidates:
- Charles Evans Hughes, U.S. Supreme Court Justice and former Governor of New York
- John W. Weeks, U.S. senator from Massachusetts
- Elihu Root, former U.S. senator from New York
- Theodore E. Burton, former U.S. senator from Ohio
- Charles W. Fairbanks, former Vice President of the United States from Indiana
- Albert B. Cummins, U.S. senator from Iowa
Candidates gallery
-
Elihu Root from New York
-
Theodore E. Burton from Ohio
-
Senator Albert B. Cummins from Iowa
Republican National Convention
The 1916 Republican National Convention was held in Chicago between June 7 and 10. A major goal of the party's bosses at the convention was to heal the bitter split within the party that had occurred in the 1912 presidential campaign. In that year, Theodore Roosevelt bolted the Republican Party and formed his own political party, the Progressive Party, which attracted most of the Republican liberals. William Howard Taft, the incumbent president, won the nomination of the regular Republican Party. This split in the Republican ranks divided the Republican vote and led to the election of Democrat Woodrow Wilson. Although several candidates were openly competing for the 1916 nomination—most prominently conservative Senator Elihu Root of New York and liberal Senator John W. Weeks of Massachusetts—the party's bosses wanted a moderate who would be acceptable to both factions of the party. They turned to Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes, who had been serving on the court since 1910 and had the advantage of not having publicly spoken about political issues in six years. Although he had not actively sought the nomination, Hughes made it known that he would not turn it down; he won the nomination on the third ballot. Former Vice-President Charles W. Fairbanks was nominated as his running mate. Hughes was the only Supreme Court Justice to be nominated for president by a major political party.
Ballot | 1 | 2 | 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Charles Evans Hughes | 253 | 326 | 950 |
John W. Weeks | 105 | 102 | 2 |
Elihu Root | 103 | 89 | 9 |
Charles W. Fairbanks | 89 | 75 | 7 |
Albert B. Cummins | 85 | 77 | 2 |
Theodore Roosevelt | 81 | 65 | 19 |
Theodore E. Burton | 78 | 69 | 9 |
Lawrence Yates Sherman | 66 | 59 | 5 |
Philander C. Knox | 36 | 30 | 6 |
Henry Ford | 32 | 29 | 9 |
Martin Grove Brumbaugh | 29 | 22 | 2 |
Robert M. La Follette | 25 | 25 | 23 |
William Howard Taft | 14 | 4 | 0 |
T. Coleman du Pont | 7 | 13 | 6 |
Henry Cabot Lodge | 7 | 2 | 0 |
John Wanamaker | 5 | 1 | 1 |
Frank B. Willis | 1 | 2 | 2 |
William Borah | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Warren G. Harding | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Samuel W. McCall | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Leonard Wood | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Democratic Party nomination
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
Democratic candidate:
Candidates gallery
-
President
Woodrow Wilson
Democratic National Convention
The 1916 Democratic National Convention was held in St. Louis, Missouri between June 14 and 16. Given Wilson's enormous popularity within the party, he was overwhelmingly re-nominated. Vice-President Thomas R. Marshall was also re-nominated with no opposition.
In the campaign Colonel House declined any public role, but was Wilson's top campaign advisor. Hodgson says, "he planned its structure; set its tone; guided its finance; chose speakers, tactics, and strategy; and, not least, handled the campaign's greatest asset and greatest potential liability: its brilliant but temperamental candidate."[1]
Progressive Party nomination
Candidates gallery
-
Theodore Roosevelt
from New York
(Refused nomination) -
Victor Murdock
from Kansas
(Not formally nominated) -
Governor
Hiram Johnson
of California
(Declined interest) -
Gifford Pinchot
from Pennsylvania
(Declined interest)
The Progressives re-nominated former President Theodore Roosevelt and nominated John Parker of Louisiana as his running-mate; others suggested for the Vice-Presidency were California Governor and the 1912 Vice-Presidential nominee Hiram Johnson, and Chairman of the Party Convention Raymond Robins, but both withdrew their names in favor of Parker. However, Roosevelt later telegraphed the convention and declared that he could not accept their nomination and would be endorsing Republican nominee Charles Hughes for the Presidency. With Roosevelt refusing to be their candidate, the Progressive Party quickly fell into disarray; there was a temporary shout led by former Congressman Victor Murdock of Kansas for a ticket consisting of three-time Democratic nominee William Jennings Bryan and industrialist Henry Ford but it amounted to little. Some like National Committeeman Harold L. Ickes refused to consider endorsing Hughes, and there was some talk of nominating another for the Presidency in Roosevelt's stead, such as Hiram Johnson or Gifford Pinchot. However those discussed refused to consider the notion, and by this point some leaders like Henry Justin Allen had started to follow Roosevelt's lead and endorsed the Republican ticket, and various state parties such as those in Iowa and Maine began to disband. Finally, when the Progressive Party National Committee met in Chicago on June 26, those in attendance begrudgingly endorsed Hughes; even those like Ickes who had vehemently refused to consider granting an endorsement to Hughes began to recognize that without Roosevelt the party had no electoral staying power. There had been a weak attempt to replace Roosevelt on the ticket with the former Kansas Congressman Victor Murdock, but the motion was defeated 31 to 15.
Most of its members would return to the Republican Party, although a substantial minority supported Wilson for his efforts in keeping the United States out of World War I. Roosevelt had turned down the Progressive nomination for both personal and political reasons; he had become convinced that running for president on a third-party ticket again would merely give the election to the Democrats, a result he was loath to make possible, since he had developed a strong dislike for President Wilson. He also believed Wilson was allowing Germany and other warring nations in Europe to "bully" and intimidate the United States.[2][3][4]
"Middle-Road" Progressive Party nomination
"Middle-Road" Progressive ticket
-
Theodore Roosevelt
from New York
(Vacant Upon Refusal)
However many in the party, notably the Vice-Presidential nominee John Parker and Bainbridge Colby, remained steadfast in their refusal to back the Republican ticket, though they differed in their ultimate aims; Parker for example desired for a Progressive ticket to be put into the Presidential race (himself now being the major contender for the top of the ticket among the bolters), whereas Colby, while opposed to the endorsement of Hughes, considered a Progressive ticket at this point impractical and privately supported Wilson for the Presidency. Still it appeared likely for a time that another convention would be called in early August until a Conference held among the remaining representatives of the party in Indianapolis decided against it, while also narrowly voting against filling the vacancy that had been caused by Roosevelt's refusal to be placed on the ticket (though Parker remained the Vice-Presidential nominee). Electoral tickets would still be put in place where the Progressive Party remained organized in the hopes of electing enough electors so as to possibly hold the balance of power in a close contest between the Democratic and Republican candidates.
While running as the Vice-Presidential nominee, John Parker would endorse Woodrow Wilson for the Presidency.[5][6][7]
Socialist Party nomination
Socialist candidates
-
Newspaper Editor
Allan L. Benson
from New York -
Newspaper Editor
Arthur LeSueur
from North Dakota
While the initial frontrunner for the nomination was the popular Eugene V. Debs, he opted to instead run for Congress in his native Indiana, leaving the field open to other contenders. Allan Benson, a newspaper editor from New York, within a short time came to dominate the field through his fervent opposition to militarism, running on the proposal that all future participation in wars should be voted upon in a national referendum. The vote for the nomination was conducted through a mail-order ballot, with Benson capturing 16,639 out of a total of 32,398 cast (to 12,264 for Maurer and 3,495 for Le Sueur). A vote for the Vice-Presidential nomination was jointly held with George Ross Kirkpatrick, a lecturer from New Jersey, winning the nomination 20,607 to 11,388 over Kate Richards O'Hare of Missouri.[8]
General election
The fall campaign
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
The Democrats built their campaign around the slogan, "He Kept Us out of War," saying a Republican victory would mean war with both Mexico and Germany. Wilson's position was probably critical in winning the Western states.[9] Charles Evans Hughes insisted on downplaying the war issue. He advocated a program of greater mobilization and preparedness.[10] With Wilson having successfully pressured the Germans to suspend unrestricted submarine warfare, it was difficult for Hughes to attack Wilson's peace platform. Instead, Hughes criticized Wilson's military interventions in Mexico, where the U.S. was supporting various factions in the Mexican civil war. Hughes also attacked Wilson for his support of various "pro-labor" laws (such as limiting the workday to eight hours), on the grounds that they were harmful to business interests. His criticisms gained little traction, however, especially among factory workers who supported such laws. Hughes was helped by the vigorous support of popular former President Theodore Roosevelt, and by the fact that the Republicans were still the nation's majority party at the time. A key mistake by Hughes was made in California. Just before the election, Hughes made a campaign swing through the state, but he never met with the powerful Republican Governor Hiram Johnson to seek his support. Johnson took this as a snub and never gave Hughes his full support.
Results
The result was exceptionally close and the outcome was in doubt for several days, partially because of the wait for returns from California in the west. The electoral vote was one of the closest in American history – with 266 votes needed to win, Wilson took 30 states for 277 electoral votes, while Hughes won 18 states and 254 electoral votes. Wilson was the second of just four presidents in US history to win re-election with a lower percentage of the electoral vote than in their prior elections, following James Madison in 1812. As the electoral college had increased during Madison's first term, but held steady throughout Wilson's, Wilson was also the first of only three to receive fewer total electoral votes. This result would be experienced again only by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1940 and 1944 and Barack Obama in 2012.
The key state proved to be California, which Wilson won by only 3,800 votes out of nearly a million cast. New Hampshire may not have been a deciding state in the election, but the margin of victory for Wilson there was the smallest ever recorded in an American presidential election: 56 votes.[12][13] If Hughes had carried California and its 13 electoral votes, he would have won the election. A popular legend from the 1916 campaign states that Hughes went to bed on election night thinking that he was the newly elected president. When a reporter tried to telephone him the next morning to get his reaction to Wilson's comeback, someone (stories vary as to whether this person was his son or a butler or valet) answered the phone and told the reporter that "the president is asleep." The reporter retorted, "When he wakes up, tell him he isn't the president."
Wilson's popular vote margin of 3.1% was the smallest attained by a victorious sitting president until 2004. By defeating Hughes, Woodrow Wilson became the first Democratic president to win a second consecutive term since Andrew Jackson in 1832. Vice-President Thomas R. Marshall also earned the distinction of becoming the first vice-president elected to a second term since John C. Calhoun in 1828.
The total popular vote cast in 1916 exceeded that of 1912 by 3,500,000. The very large total vote was an indication of an aroused public interest in the campaign. It was larger in every section, notably in the East North Central section. Some of this was due to the state extension of suffrage to women. In Illinois, for example, the total vote was 1,000,000 greater than in 1912. It increased by more than 260,000 in Kansas, and in Montana, it more than doubled.
Wilson's vote was 9,126,868, an increase of nearly 3,000,000. There was a gain in every section and in every state. Hughes, the nominee of the united Republican Party, polled more votes by nearly 1,000,000 than had ever been cast for a Republican candidate. In some of the states carried by Wilson, particularly in the South, the margin of popular vote was large. Considering the vote by sections, Wilson ran behind Hughes in New England, the (Northeastern) Mid-Atlantic states, and in the East North Central section.[14] His lead was not great in the West North Central, but was very large in the West South Central and Mountain as well as in the East South Central and South Atlantic sections.[15] 1/2 of Wilson's total vote was cast in the 18 states that he did not carry.
Of the 3,022 counties making returns, Wilson led in 2,039 counties (67.47%). Hughes managed to carry only 976 counties (32.30%), the smallest number in the Republican column in a two-party contest during the Fourth Party System. Two counties (0.07%) split evenly between Wilson and Hughes. Although the Progressive Party had no presidential candidate, just candidates for presidential elector who were unpledged for president, they carried 5 counties (0.17%).
There was a shift of votes to the Democratic Party, at least for this election, which was in locality and degree a novel phenomenon in party voting for the Fourth Party System. Wilson carried 200 counties that had never been Democratic in a two-party contest prior to that time.[16] This shift of votes led some to believe that the Democratic Party might have the position of decided advantage in the election of 1920, a judgment that later proved disastrously wrong.[17]
Wilson was the last Democrat to be elected without ever carrying Minnesota and the last Democrat to win an election without Massachusetts and Rhode Island (Although he had previously won both states in 1912). He was also the last Democrat elected to two terms without carrying Michigan and Pennsylvania either time (Although other Democrats since have won elections without one or both states, they either only served one term or they carried them both in another Presidential election).
To date this is the last election in which North Dakota and South Dakota did not vote for the same candidate.
Presidential candidate | Party | Home state | Popular vote | Electoral vote |
Running mate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Count | Pct | Vice-presidential candidate | Home state | Elect. vote | ||||
Woodrow Wilson (Incumbent) | Democratic | New Jersey | 9,126,868 | 49.24% | 277 | Thomas R. Marshall | Indiana | 277 |
Charles Evans Hughes | Republican | New York | 8,548,728 | 46.12% | 254 | Charles W. Fairbanks | Indiana | 254 |
Allan L. Benson | Socialist | New York | 590,524 | 3.19% | 0 | George Ross Kirkpatrick | New Jersey | 0 |
Frank Hanly | Prohibition | Indiana | 221,302 | 1.19% | 0 | Ira Landrith | Tennessee | 0 |
No Candidate | Progressive | (n/a) | 33,406 | 0.18% | 0 | (n/a) | (n/a) | 0 |
Arthur E. Reimer | Socialist Labor | Massachusetts | 15,295 | 0.08% | 0 | Caleb Harrison | Illinois | 0 |
Other | 462 | 0.00% | — | Other | — | |||
Total | 18,536,585 | 100% | 531 | 531 | ||||
Needed to win | 266 | 266 |
Source (Popular Vote): Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Source (Electoral Vote): Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Results by state
States won by Wilson/Marshall |
States won by Hughes/Fairbanks |
Woodrow Wilson Democratic |
Charles Evans Hughes Republican |
Allan Benson Socialist |
James Hanly Prohibition |
No Candidate Progressive |
Arthur Reimer Socialist Labor |
Margin | State Total | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
State | electoral votes |
# | % | electoral votes |
# | % | electoral votes |
# | % | electoral votes |
# | % | electoral votes |
# | % | electoral votes |
# | % | electoral votes |
# | % | # | |
Alabama | 12 | 99,409 | 76.04 | 12 | 28,662 | 21.92 | - | 1,916 | 1.47 | - | 741 | 0.57 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 70,747 | 54.12 | 130,728 | AL |
Arizona | 3 | 33,170 | 57.17 | 3 | 20,524 | 35.37 | - | 3,174 | 5.47 | - | 1,153 | 1.99 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12,646 | 21.80 | 58,021 | AZ |
Arkansas | 9 | 112,211 | 65.97 | 9 | 48,879 | 28.73 | - | 6,999 | 4.11 | - | 2,015 | 1.18 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 63,332 | 37.23 | 170,104 | AR |
California | 13 | 466,289 | 46.65 | 13 | 462,516 | 46.27 | - | 42,898 | 4.29 | - | 27,713 | 2.77 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3,773 | 0.38 | 999,603 | CA |
Colorado | 6 | 178,816 | 60.74 | 6 | 102,308 | 34.75 | - | 10,049 | 3.41 | - | 2,793 | 0.95 | - | 409 | 0.14 | - | - | - | - | 76,508 | 25.99 | 294,375 | CO |
Connecticut | 7 | 99,786 | 46.66 | - | 106,514 | 49.80 | 7 | 5,179 | 2.42 | - | 1,789 | 0.84 | - | - | - | - | 606 | 0.28 | - | -6,728 | -3.15 | 213,874 | CT |
Delaware | 3 | 24,753 | 47.78 | - | 26,011 | 50.20 | 3 | 480 | 0.93 | - | 566 | 1.09 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -1,258 | -2.43 | 51,810 | DE |
Florida | 6 | 55,984 | 69.34 | 6 | 14,611 | 18.10 | - | 5,353 | 6.63 | - | 4,786 | 5.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 41,373 | 51.25 | 80,734 | FL |
Georgia | 14 | 127,754 | 79.51 | 14 | 11,294 | 7.03 | - | 941 | 0.59 | - | - | - | - | 20,692 | 12.88 | - | - | - | - | 107,062 | 66.63 | 160,681 | GA |
Idaho | 4 | 70,054 | 52.04 | 4 | 55,368 | 41.13 | - | 8,066 | 5.99 | - | 1,127 | 0.84 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14,686 | 10.91 | 134,615 | ID |
Illinois | 29 | 950,229 | 43.34 | - | 1,152,549 | 52.56 | 29 | 61,394 | 2.80 | - | 26,047 | 1.19 | - | - | - | - | 2,488 | 0.11 | - | -202,320 | -9.23 | 2,192,707 | IL |
Indiana | 15 | 334,063 | 46.47 | - | 341,005 | 47.44 | 15 | 21,855 | 3.04 | - | 16,368 | 2.28 | - | 3,898 | 0.54 | - | 1,659 | 0.23 | - | -6,942 | -0.97 | 718,848 | IN |
Iowa | 13 | 218,699 | 42.55 | - | 280,439 | 54.57 | 13 | 10,973 | 2.14 | - | 3,371 | 0.66 | - | - | - | - | 460 | 0.09 | - | -61,740 | -12.01 | 513,942 | IA |
Kansas | 10 | 314,588 | 49.95 | 10 | 277,658 | 44.09 | - | 24,685 | 3.92 | - | 12,882 | 2.05 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 36,930 | 5.86 | 629,813 | KS |
Kentucky | 13 | 269,990 | 51.91 | 13 | 241,854 | 46.50 | - | 4,734 | 0.91 | - | 3,039 | 0.58 | - | 129 | 0.02 | - | 332 | 0.06 | - | 28,136 | 5.41 | 520,078 | KY |
Louisiana | 10 | 79,875 | 85.90 | 10 | 6,466 | 6.95 | - | 292 | 0.31 | - | - | - | - | 6,349 | 6.83 | - | - | - | - | 73,409 | 78.95 | 92,982 | LA |
Maine | 6 | 64,033 | 46.97 | - | 69,508 | 50.99 | 6 | 2,177 | 1.60 | - | 596 | 0.44 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -5,475 | -4.02 | 136,314 | ME |
Maryland | 8 | 138,359 | 52.80 | 8 | 117,347 | 44.78 | - | 2,674 | 1.02 | - | 2,903 | 1.11 | - | - | - | - | 756 | 0.29 | - | 21,012 | 8.02 | 262,039 | MD |
Massachusetts | 18 | 247,885 | 46.61 | - | 268,784 | 50.54 | 18 | 11,058 | 2.08 | - | 2,993 | 0.56 | - | - | - | - | 1,097 | 0.21 | - | -20,899 | -3.93 | 531,823 | MA |
Michigan | 15 | 286,775 | 44.05 | - | 339,097 | 52.09 | 15 | 16,120 | 2.48 | - | 8,139 | 1.25 | - | - | - | - | 842 | 0.13 | - | -52,322 | -8.04 | 650,973 | MI |
Minnesota | 12 | 179,152 | 46.25 | - | 179,544 | 46.35 | 12 | 20,117 | 5.19 | - | 7,793 | 2.01 | - | 290 | 0.07 | - | 468 | 0.12 | - | -392 | -0.10 | 387,364 | MN |
Mississippi | 10 | 80,422 | 92.78 | 10 | 4,253 | 4.91 | - | 1,484 | 1.71 | - | - | - | - | 520 | 0.60 | - | - | - | - | 76,169 | 87.87 | 86,679 | MS |
Missouri | 18 | 398,032 | 50.59 | 18 | 369,339 | 46.94 | - | 14,612 | 1.86 | - | 3,884 | 0.49 | - | - | - | - | 902 | 0.11 | - | 28,693 | 3.65 | 786,769 | MO |
Montana | 4 | 101,063 | 56.88 | 4 | 66,750 | 37.57 | - | 9,564 | 5.38 | - | - | - | - | 302 | 0.17 | - | - | - | - | 34,313 | 19.31 | 177,679 | MT |
Nebraska | 8 | 158,827 | 55.28 | 8 | 117,771 | 40.99 | - | 7,141 | 2.49 | - | 2,952 | 1.03 | - | - | - | - | 624 | 0.22 | - | 41,056 | 14.29 | 287,315 | NE |
Nevada | 3 | 17,776 | 53.36 | 3 | 12,127 | 36.40 | - | 3,065 | 9.20 | - | 348 | 1.04 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5,649 | 16.96 | 33,316 | NV |
New Hampshire | 4 | 43,781 | 49.12 | 4 | 43,725 | 49.06 | - | 1,318 | 1.48 | - | 303 | 0.34 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 56 | 0.06 | 89,127 | NH |
New Jersey | 14 | 211,018 | 42.68 | - | 268,982 | 54.40 | 14 | 10,405 | 2.10 | - | 3,182 | 0.64 | - | - | - | - | 855 | 0.17 | - | -57,964 | -11.72 | 494,442 | NJ |
New Mexico | 3 | 33,527 | 50.20 | 3 | 31,152 | 46.64 | - | 1,996 | 2.99 | - | 112 | 0.17 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2,375 | 3.56 | 66,787 | NM |
New York | 45 | 759,426 | 44.51 | - | 879,238 | 51.53 | 45 | 45,944 | 2.69 | - | 19,031 | 1.12 | - | - | - | - | 2,666 | 0.16 | - | -119,812 | -7.02 | 1,706,305 | NY |
North Carolina | 12 | 168,383 | 58.10 | 12 | 120,890 | 41.71 | - | 509 | 0.18 | - | 55 | 0.02 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 47,493 | 16.39 | 289,837 | NC |
North Dakota | 5 | 55,206 | 47.84 | 5 | 53,471 | 46.34 | - | 5,716 | 4.95 | - | 997 | 0.86 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1,735 | 1.50 | 115,390 | ND |
Ohio | 24 | 604,161 | 51.86 | 24 | 514,753 | 44.18 | - | 38,092 | 3.27 | - | 8,080 | 0.69 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 89,408 | 7.67 | 1,165,086 | OH |
Oklahoma | 10 | 148,113 | 50.59 | 10 | 97,233 | 33.21 | - | 45,527 | 15.55 | - | 1,646 | 0.56 | - | 234 | 0.08 | - | - | - | - | 50,880 | 17.38 | 292,753 | OK |
Oregon | 5 | 120,087 | 45.90 | - | 126,813 | 48.47 | 5 | 9,711 | 3.71 | - | 4,729 | 1.81 | - | 310 | 0.12 | - | - | - | - | -6,726 | -2.57 | 261,650 | OR |
Pennsylvania | 38 | 521,784 | 40.22 | - | 703,823 | 54.26 | 38 | 42,638 | 3.29 | - | 28,525 | 2.20 | - | - | - | - | 419 | 0.03 | - | -182,039 | -14.03 | 1,297,189 | PA |
Rhode Island | 5 | 40,394 | 46.00 | - | 44,858 | 51.08 | 5 | 1,914 | 2.18 | - | 470 | 0.54 | - | - | - | - | 180 | 0.20 | - | -4,464 | -5.08 | 87,816 | RI |
South Carolina | 9 | 61,846 | 96.71 | 9 | 1,550 | 2.42 | - | 135 | 0.21 | - | - | - | - | 162 | 0.25 | - | - | - | - | 60,296 | 94.28 | 63,952 | SC |
South Dakota | 5 | 59,191 | 45.91 | - | 64,217 | 49.80 | 5 | 3,760 | 2.92 | - | 1,774 | 1.38 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -5,026 | -3.90 | 128,942 | SD |
Tennessee | 12 | 153,280 | 56.31 | 12 | 116,223 | 42.70 | - | 2,542 | 0.93 | - | 145 | 0.05 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 37,057 | 13.61 | 272,190 | TN |
Texas | 20 | 286,514 | 76.92 | 20 | 64,999 | 17.45 | - | 18,969 | 5.09 | - | 1,985 | 0.53 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 221,515 | 59.47 | 372,467 | TX |
Utah | 4 | 84,145 | 58.78 | 4 | 54,137 | 37.82 | - | 4,460 | 3.12 | - | 149 | 0.10 | - | 111 | 0.08 | - | 144 | 0.10 | - | 30,008 | 20.96 | 143,146 | UT |
Vermont | 4 | 22,708 | 35.22 | - | 40,250 | 62.43 | 4 | 798 | 1.24 | - | 709 | 1.10 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -17,542 | -27.21 | 64,475 | VT |
Virginia | 12 | 101,840 | 66.99 | 12 | 48,384 | 31.83 | - | 1,056 | 0.69 | - | 678 | 0.45 | - | - | - | - | 67 | 0.04 | - | 53,456 | 35.16 | 152,025 | VA |
Washington | 7 | 183,388 | 48.13 | 7 | 167,208 | 43.89 | - | 22,800 | 5.98 | - | 6,868 | 1.80 | - | - | - | - | 730 | 0.19 | - | 16,180 | 4.25 | 380,994 | WA |
West Virginia | 8 | 140,403 | 48.44 | 1 | 143,124 | 49.38 | 7 | 6,150 | 2.12 | - | 175 | 0.06 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -2,721 | -0.94 | 289,852 | WV |
Wisconsin | 13 | 191,363 | 42.80 | - | 220,822 | 49.39 | 13 | 27,631 | 6.18 | - | 7,318 | 1.64 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -29,459 | -6.59 | 447,134 | WI |
Wyoming | 3 | 28,316 | 54.62 | 3 | 21,698 | 41.86 | - | 1,453 | 2.80 | - | 373 | 0.72 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6,618 | 12.77 | 51,840 | WY |
TOTALS: | 531 | 9,126,868 | 49.24 | 277 | 8,548,728 | 46.12 | 254 | 590,524 | 3.19 | - | 221,302 | 1.19 | - | 33,406 | 0.18 | - | 15,295 | 0.08 | - | 578,140 | 3.12 | 18,536,585 | US |
Close states
Margin of victory of less than 5% (129 electoral votes):
- New Hampshire, 0.06%
- Minnesota, 0.10%
- California, 0.38%
- West Virginia, 0.94%
- Indiana, 0.97%
- North Dakota, 1.50%
- Delaware, 2.43%
- Oregon, 2.57%
- Connecticut, 3.15%
- New Mexico, 3.56%
- Missouri, 3.65%
- South Dakota, 3.90%
- Massachusetts, 3.93%
- Maine, 4.02%
- Washington, 4.25%
Margin of victory of between 5% and 10% (162 electoral votes):
- Rhode Island, 5.08%
- Kentucky, 5.41%
- Kansas, 5.86%
- Wisconsin, 6.59%
- New York, 7.02%
- Ohio, 7.67%
- Maryland, 8.02%
- Michigan, 8.04%
- Illinois, 9.23%
Geography of Results
Cartographic Gallery
-
Cartogram of presidential election results by county.
-
CartogramDemocraticPresidentialCounty1916Colorbrewer.gif
Cartogram of Democratic presidential election results by county.
Statistics
Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Democratic)
- Dillon County, South Carolina 100.00%
- Hampton County, South Carolina 100.00%
- Jasper County, South Carolina 100.00%
- Tunica County, Mississippi 100.00%
- Echols County, Georgia 100.00%
Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Republican)
- Leslie County, Kentucky 91.55%
- Sevier County, Tennessee 90.42%
- Zapata County, Texas 89.17%
- Jackson County, Kentucky 87.90%
- Johnson County, Tennessee 87.33%
Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Other)
- Lafourche Parish, Louisiana 59.38%
- Glascock County, Georgia 53.79%
- Paulding County, Georgia 53.52%
- Fannin County, Georgia 51.29%
- Iberia Parish, Louisiana 47.59%
See also
- President of the United States
- History of the United States (1865-1918)
- Second inauguration of Woodrow Wilson
Notes
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F00A12FD3A5812738DDDA80994DE405B868DF1D3
- ↑ http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F60E10FF3C5F13738DDDAB0994DE405B868DF1D3
- ↑ http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F40D14F73A5B17738DDDAE0A94DE405B868DF1D3
- ↑ http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F20717FD355B17738DDDAC0A94DF405B868DF1D3
- ↑ http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=FB0716FA355B17738DDDAD0894D0405B868DF1D3
- ↑ http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=FB0716FA355B17738DDDAD0894D0405B868DF1D3
- ↑ http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=FB0D13FF3F5D17738DDDAB0994DB405B868DF1D3
- ↑ John Milton Cooper, Jr., Woodrow Wilson (2009) pp 341-2, 352, 360
- ↑ Merlo J. Pusey, Charles Evans Hughes (1951) vol 1 p 356
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?f=0&fips=6&year=1916
- ↑ http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?f=0&fips=33&year=1916
- ↑ The Presidential Vote, 1896-1932, Edgar E. Robinson, pg. 17
- ↑ The Presidential Vote, 1896-1932, Edgar E. Robinson, pg. 17-19
- ↑ The Presidential Vote, 1896-1932, Edgar E. Robinson, pg. 19
- ↑ The Presidential Vote, 1896-1932, Edgar E. Robinson, pg. 19
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Bibliography
- Cooper, Jr., John Milton. Woodrow Wilson (2009), ch 16
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. volume 1 ch 31-34
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to [[commons:Lua error in Module:WikidataIB at line 506: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:WikidataIB at line 506: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).]]. |
- Presidential Election of 1916: A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress
- 1916 popular vote by counties
- How close was the 1916 election? at the Wayback Machine (archived August 25, 2012) — Michael Sheppard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Election of 1916 in Counting the Votes