Maraviroc

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Maraviroc
Structural formula of maraviroc
Ball-and-stick model of the maraviroc molecule
Systematic (IUPAC) name
4,4-difluoro-N-{(1S)-3-[3-(3-isopropyl- 5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl]-1-phenylpropyl}cyclohexanecarboxamide
Clinical data
Trade names Selzentry
AHFS/Drugs.com monograph
MedlinePlus a607076
Licence data EMA:Link, US FDA:link
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B1
  • US: B (No risk in non-human studies)
Legal status
Routes of
administration		 Oral
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 23%[1]
Metabolism Liver
Biological half-life 16 h[2]
Identifiers
CAS Number 376348-65-1 YesY
ATC code J05AX09 (WHO)
PubChem CID: 3002977
IUPHAR/BPS 806
DrugBank DB04835 YesY
ChemSpider 20078004 N
UNII MD6P741W8A YesY
ChEBI CHEBI:63608 N
ChEMBL CHEMBL1201187 N
NIAID ChemDB 104834
Chemical data
Formula C29H41F2N5O
Molecular mass 513.666 g/mol
  • Cc5nnc(n5[C@@H]1C[C@H]4CC[C@@H](C1)N4CC[C@H](NC(=O)C2CCC(F)(F)CC2)c3ccccc3)C(C)C
  • InChI=1S/C29H41F2N5O/c1-19(2)27-34-33-20(3)36(27)25-17-23-9-10-24(18-25)35(23)16-13-26(21-7-5-4-6-8-21)32-28(37)22-11-14-29(30,31)15-12-22/h4-8,19,22-26H,9-18H2,1-3H3,(H,32,37)/t23-,24+,25-,26-/m0/s1 N
  • Key:GSNHKUDZZFZSJB-QYOOZWMWSA-N N
 NYesY (what is this?)  (verify)

Maraviroc (brand-named Selzentry, or Celsentri outside the U.S.) is an antiretroviral drug in the CCR5 receptor antagonist class used in the treatment of HIV infection. It is also classed as an entry inhibitor. It also appeared to reduce graft-versus-host disease in patients treated with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for leukemia, in a phase 1/2 study.[3][4]

Mechanism of action

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Maraviroc is an entry inhibitor. Specifically, maraviroc is a negative allosteric modulator of the CCR5 receptor, which is found on the surface of certain human cells. The chemokine receptor CCR5 is an essential co-receptor for most HIV strains and necessary for the entry process of the virus into the host cell. The drug binds to CCR5, thereby blocking the HIV protein gp120 from associating with the receptor. HIV is then unable to enter human macrophages and T-cells.[5] Because HIV can also use other coreceptors, such as CXCR4, an HIV tropism test such as a trofile assay must be performed to determine if the drug will be effective.[6]

Development and approval

Maraviroc, originally designated UK-427857, was developed by the drug company Pfizer in its UK labs located in Sandwich. On April 24, 2007 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration advisory panel reviewing maraviroc's New Drug Application unanimously recommended approval for the new drug,[7] and the drug received full FDA approval on August 6, 2007 for use in treatment experienced patients.[8]

On September 24, 2007, Pfizer announced that the European Commission approved maraviroc. Industry experts forecast annual maraviroc sales of $500 million by 2011.[9]

Efficacy

Two randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials, known as MOTIVATE 1 & 2, compared 209 patients receiving optimized therapy plus a placebo to 426 patients receiving optimized therapy plus 150 mg maraviroc once daily and 414 patients receiving optimized therapy plus 150 mg maraviroc twice daily. At 48 weeks, 55% of participants receiving maraviroc once daily and 60% of participants receiving the drug twice daily achieved a viral load of less than 400 copies/mL compared with 26% of those taking placebo; about 44% of the once-daily and 45% of the twice-daily maraviroc group had a viral load of less than 50 copies/mL compared with about 23% of those who received placebo. In addition, those who received the entry inhibitor had a mean increase in CD4 cells of 110 cells/µL in the once-daily group, 106 cells/µL in the twice-daily group, and 56 cells/µL in the placebo group.[10][11][12]

Safety

The MOTIVATE trials showed no clinically relevant differences in safety between the maraviroc and placebo groups.[10]

See also

References

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External links

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/news/News_Releases/2012/07/hiv/
  4. ↑ Blocade of lymphocyte chemotaxis in visceral graft-versus-host disease, Ran Reshef et al., New England Journal of Medicine, 367:135 (July 12, 2012)
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Gay News From 365Gay.com
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Reuters, Europe gives final approval to Pfizer HIV drug
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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