Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide

Adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 (pituitary)
PDB rendering based on 2d2p.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 1GEA, 2D2P, 2JOD
Identifiers
Symbols	ADCYAP1 ; PACAP
External IDs	OMIM: 102980 MGI: 105094 HomoloGene: 869 ChEMBL: 5692 GeneCards: ADCYAP1 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • receptor signaling protein activity • receptor binding • neuropeptide hormone activity • protein binding • pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide activity • peptide hormone receptor binding Cellular component • extracellular region • intracellular Biological process • transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway • activation of adenylate cyclase activity • neuropeptide signaling pathway • cell-cell signaling • female pregnancy • regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway • positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity involved in G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • cAMP-mediated signaling • neuron projection development • regulation of protein localization • positive regulation of GTPase activity • negative regulation of cell cycle • positive regulation of protein kinase activity • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway • positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade • positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	116	11516
Ensembl	ENSG00000141433	ENSMUSG00000024256
UniProt	P18509	O70176
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001099733	NM_009625
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001093203	NP_033755
Location (UCSC)	Chr 18: 0.9 – 0.91 Mb	Chr 17: 93.2 – 93.21 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide also known as PACAP is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ADCYAP1 gene. PACAP is similar to vasoactive intestinal peptide. One of its effects is to stimulate enterochromaffin-like cells. It binds to vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor and to the PACAP receptor.

Function

This gene encodes adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1. Mediated by adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1 receptors, this polypeptide stimulates adenylate cyclase and subsequently increases the cAMP level in target cells. Adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1 not only is a hypophysiotropic hormone (i.e. a substance that induces activity in the hypophysis) but also functions as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. In addition, it plays a role in paracrine and autocrine regulation of certain types of cells. This gene is composed of five exons. Exons 1 and 2 encode the 5' UTR and signal peptide, respectively; exon 4 encodes an adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1-related peptide; and exon 5 encodes the mature peptide and 3' UTR. This gene encodes three different mature peptides, including two isotypes: a shorter form and a longer form.

Recently a version of this gene has been associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women (but not men). This disorder involves a maladaptive psychological response to traumatic, i.e. existence-threatening, events. Ressler et al. identified an association of a SNP in the gene coding for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), implicating this peptide and its receptor (PAC1) in PTSD.

Interactions

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide has been shown to interact with Secretin receptor.

See also

• Adenylate cyclase
• Pituitary gland

External links

• Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.