Seniority depends on the date on which members were sworn into office. Since many members are sworn in on the same day, subsequent ranking is based on previous congressional service of the individual and then by alphabetical order by the last name of the congressman.
Committee chairmanship in the House is often associated with seniority. However, party leadership is typically not associated with seniority.
U.S. House Seniority
Rank |
Representative |
Party |
District |
Seniority date |
Notes |
1 |
Elihu B. Washburne |
R |
IL-03 |
March 4, 1853 |
Dean of the House |
2 |
Schuyler Colfax |
R |
IN-09 |
March 4, 1855 |
Speaker of the House |
3 |
Justin S. Morrill |
R |
VT-02 |
March 4, 1855 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
4 |
Henry L. Dawes |
R |
MA-10 |
March 4, 1857 |
5 |
Daniel W. Gooch |
R |
MA-06 |
January 31, 1858 |
Resigned on September 1, 1865 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
6 |
John B. Alley |
R |
MA-05 |
March 4, 1859 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
7 |
James M. Ashley |
R |
OH-10 |
March 4, 1859 |
8 |
Thomas D. Eliot |
R |
MA-01 |
March 4, 1859
Previous service, 1854–1855. |
9 |
James K. Moorhead |
R |
PA-22 |
March 4, 1859 |
10 |
Alexander H. Rice |
R |
MA-04 |
March 4, 1859 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
11 |
Thaddeus Stevens |
R |
PA-09 |
March 4, 1859
Previous service, 1849–1853. |
12 |
Edwin Hanson Webster |
D |
MD-02 |
March 4, 1859 |
Resigned in July 1865 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
13 |
William Windom |
R |
MN-01 |
March 4, 1859 |
14 |
Sydenham E. Ancona |
D |
PA-08 |
March 4, 1861 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
15 |
Portus Baxter |
R |
VT-03 |
March 4, 1861 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
16 |
Fernando C. Beaman |
R |
MI-01 |
March 4, 1861 |
17 |
Henry Grider |
D |
KY-03 |
March 4, 1861
Previous service, 1843–1847. |
Died on September 7, 1866 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
18 |
Aaron Harding |
R |
KY-04 |
March 4, 1861 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
19 |
Philip Johnson |
D |
PA-11 |
March 4, 1861 |
20 |
George W. Julian |
D |
IN-05 |
March 4, 1861
Previous service, 1849–1851. |
21 |
William D. Kelley |
R |
PA-04 |
March 4, 1861 |
22 |
Frederick A. Pike |
R |
ME-05 |
March 4, 1861 |
23 |
Theodore M. Pomeroy |
R |
NY-24 |
March 4, 1861 |
24 |
John H. Rice |
R |
ME-04 |
March 4, 1861 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
25 |
Edward H. Rollins |
R |
NH-02 |
March 4, 1861 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
26 |
Francis Thomas |
D |
MD-04 |
March 4, 1861
Previous service, 1831–1841. |
27 |
Daniel W. Voorhees |
D |
IN-07 |
March 4, 1861 |
Resigned on February 23, 1866 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
28 |
James F. Wilson |
R |
IA-01 |
October 8, 1861 |
29 |
Samuel Hooper |
R |
MA-04 |
December 2, 1861 |
30 |
Walter D. McIndoe |
R |
WI-06 |
January 26, 1863 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
31 |
William B. Allison |
R |
IA-03 |
March 4, 1863 |
32 |
Oakes Ames |
R |
MA-02 |
March 4, 1863 |
33 |
John D. Baldwin |
R |
MA-08 |
March 4, 1863 |
34 |
James G. Blaine |
R |
ME-03 |
March 4, 1863 |
35 |
Henry T. Blow |
R |
MO-02 |
March 4, 1863 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
36 |
George S. Boutwell |
D |
MA-07 |
March 4, 1863 |
37 |
Augustus Brandegee |
R |
CT-03 |
March 4, 1863 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
38 |
James Brooks |
D |
NY-08 |
March 4, 1863
Previous service, 1849–1853. |
Died on April 7, 1866 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
39 |
John Martin Broomall |
R |
PA-07 |
March 4, 1863 |
40 |
John W. Chanler |
D |
NY-07 |
March 4, 1863 |
41 |
Amasa Cobb |
R |
WI-03 |
March 4, 1863 |
42 |
Alexander Hamilton Coffroth |
R |
PA-16 |
March 4, 1863 |
Resigned on July 19, 1866 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
43 |
Thomas T. Davis |
R |
NY-23 |
March 4, 1863 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
44 |
John L. Dawson |
D |
PA-21 |
March 4, 1863
Previous service, 1851–1855. |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
45 |
Henry C. Deming |
R |
CT-01 |
March 4, 1863 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
46 |
Charles Denison |
D |
PA-12 |
March 4, 1863 |
47 |
Nathan F. Dixon II |
R |
RI-02 |
March 4, 1863
Previous service, 1849–1851. |
48 |
Ignatius L. Donnelly |
R |
MN-02 |
March 4, 1863 |
49 |
John F. Driggs |
R |
MI-06 |
March 4, 1863 |
50 |
Ebenezer Dumont |
R |
IN-06 |
March 4, 1863 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
51 |
Ephraim R. Eckley |
R |
OH-17 |
March 4, 1863 |
52 |
Charles A. Eldredge |
D |
WI-04 |
March 4, 1863 |
53 |
John F. Farnsworth |
R |
IL-02 |
March 4, 1863
Previous service, 1857–1861. |
54 |
William E. Finck |
D |
OH-12 |
March 4, 1863 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
55 |
James A. Garfield |
R |
OH-19 |
March 4, 1863 |
56 |
Josiah B. Grinnell |
R |
IA-04 |
March 4, 1863 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
57 |
John A. Griswold |
D |
NY-15 |
March 4, 1863 |
58 |
Benjamin Gwinn Harris |
D |
MD-05 |
March 4, 1863 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
59 |
William Higby |
R |
CA-02 |
March 4, 1863 |
60 |
Giles W. Hotchkiss |
R |
NY-26 |
March 4, 1863 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
61 |
Asahel W. Hubbard |
R |
IA-06 |
March 4, 1863 |
62 |
John H. Hubbard |
R |
CT-04 |
March 4, 1863 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
63 |
Calvin T. Hulburd |
R |
NY-17 |
March 4, 1863 |
64 |
Thomas Jenckes |
R |
RI-01 |
March 4, 1863 |
65 |
John A. Kasson |
R |
IA-05 |
March 4, 1863 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
66 |
Orlando Kellogg |
D |
NY-16 |
March 4, 1863 |
Died on August 23, 1865 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
67 |
Francis Celeste Le Blond |
D |
OH-05 |
March 4, 1863 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
68 |
Benjamin F. Loan |
R |
MO-07 |
March 4, 1863 |
69 |
John W. Longyear |
R |
MI-03 |
March 4, 1863 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
70 |
James M. Marvin |
R |
NY-18 |
March 4, 1863 |
71 |
Joseph W. McClurg |
R |
MO-05 |
March 4, 1863 |
72 |
Daniel Morris |
R |
NY-25 |
March 4, 1863 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
73 |
Leonard Myers |
R |
PA-03 |
March 4, 1863 |
74 |
Charles O'Neill |
R |
PA-02 |
March 4, 1863 |
75 |
Godlove Stein Orth |
D |
IN-08 |
March 4, 1863 |
76 |
James W. Patterson |
R |
NH-03 |
March 4, 1863 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
77 |
Sidney Perham |
R |
ME-02 |
March 4, 1863 |
78 |
Hiram Price |
R |
IA-02 |
March 4, 1863 |
79 |
William Radford |
D |
NY-10 |
March 4, 1863 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
80 |
Samuel J. Randall |
D |
PA-01 |
March 4, 1863 |
81 |
William H. Randall |
D |
KY-08 |
March 4, 1863 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
82 |
Andrew J. Rogers |
D |
NJ-04 |
March 4, 1863 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
83 |
Lewis W. Ross |
D |
IL-09 |
March 4, 1863 |
84 |
Robert C. Schenck |
D |
OH-03 |
March 4, 1863
Previous service, 1843–1851. |
85 |
Glenni W. Scofield |
R |
PA-19 |
March 4, 1863 |
86 |
Ithamar Sloan |
R |
WI-02 |
March 4, 1863 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
87 |
Green C. Smith |
D |
KY-06 |
March 4, 1863 |
Resigned on July 13, 1866 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
88 |
Rufus P. Spalding |
R |
OH-18 |
March 4, 1863 |
89 |
John F. Starr |
R |
NJ-01 |
March 4, 1863 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
90 |
Myer Strouse |
D |
PA-10 |
March 4, 1863 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
91 |
Martin R. Thayer |
R |
PA-05 |
March 4, 1863 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
92 |
William Upson |
R |
MI-02 |
March 4, 1863 |
93 |
William B. Washburn |
R |
MA-09 |
March 4, 1863 |
94 |
Thomas Williams |
R |
PA-23 |
March 4, 1863 |
95 |
Charles H. Winfield |
D |
NY-11 |
March 4, 1863 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
96 |
Frederick E. Woodbridge |
R |
VT-01 |
March 4, 1863 |
97 |
Kellian Whaley |
D |
WV-03 |
December 7, 1863 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
98 |
Ebon C. Ingersoll |
R |
IL-05 |
May 20, 1864 |
99 |
George W. Anderson |
R |
MO-09 |
March 4, 1865 |
100 |
Delos R. Ashley |
R |
NV |
March 4, 1865 |
101 |
Jehu Baker |
R |
IL-12 |
March 4, 1865 |
102 |
Abraham Andrews Barker |
R |
PA-17 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
103 |
John F. Benjamin |
R |
MO-08 |
March 4, 1865 |
104 |
Teunis G. Bergen |
D |
NY-02 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
105 |
John Bidwell |
R |
CA-03 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
106 |
John Bingham |
R |
OH-16 |
March 4, 1865
Previous service, 1855–1863. |
107 |
Benjamin M. Boyer |
D |
PA-06 |
March 4, 1865 |
108 |
Henry P. H. Bromwell |
D |
IL-07 |
March 4, 1865 |
109 |
Ralph P. Buckland |
R |
OH-09 |
March 4, 1865 |
110 |
Hezekiah S. Bundy |
R |
OH-11 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
111 |
Reader W. Clarke |
D |
OH-06 |
March 4, 1865 |
112 |
Sidney Clarke |
R |
KS |
March 4, 1865 |
113 |
Roscoe Conkling |
R |
NY-21 |
March 4, 1865
Previous service, 1859–1863. |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
114 |
Burton C. Cook |
D |
IL-06 |
March 4, 1865 |
115 |
Shelby M. Cullom |
R |
IL-08 |
March 4, 1865 |
116 |
Charles Vernon Culver |
R |
PA-20 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
117 |
William A. Darling |
D |
NY-09 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
118 |
Joseph H. Defrees |
R |
IN-10 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
119 |
Columbus Delano |
R |
OH-13 |
March 4, 1865
Previous service, 1845–1847. |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
120 |
James H. D. Dickerson |
R |
OR |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
121 |
Benjamin Eggleston |
R |
OH-01 |
March 4, 1865 |
122 |
John H. Farquhar |
D |
IN-04 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
123 |
Thomas W. Ferry |
R |
MI-04 |
March 4, 1865 |
124 |
Adam J. Glossbrenner |
R |
PA-15 |
March 4, 1865 |
125 |
Charles Goodyear |
D |
NY-14 |
March 4, 1865
Previous service, 1845–1847. |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
126 |
Abner C. Harding |
R |
IL-04 |
March 4, 1865 |
127 |
Roswell Hart |
R |
NY-28 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
128 |
Rutherford B. Hayes |
R |
OH-02 |
March 4, 1865 |
129 |
Ralph Hill |
D |
IN-03 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
130 |
John Hogan |
R |
MO-01 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
131 |
Sidney T. Holmes |
R |
NY-22 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
132 |
James Randolph Hubbell |
R |
OH-08 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
133 |
Chester D. Hubbard |
R |
WV-01 |
March 4, 1865 |
134 |
Demas Hubbard, Jr. |
R |
NY-19 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
135 |
Edwin N. Hubbell |
R |
NY-13 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
136 |
James Humphrey |
R |
NY-03 |
March 4, 1865
Previous service, 1859–1861. |
Died on June 16, 1866 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
137 |
James M. Humphrey |
D |
NY-30 |
March 4, 1865 |
138 |
Morgan Jones |
D |
NY-04 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
139 |
John R. Kelso |
D |
MO-04 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
140 |
Michael C. Kerr |
D |
IN-02 |
March 4, 1865 |
141 |
Andrew J. Kuykendall |
R |
IL-13 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
142 |
John H. Ketcham |
R |
NY-12 |
March 4, 1865 |
143 |
Addison H. Laflin |
R |
NY-20 |
March 4, 1865 |
144 |
George R. Latham |
D |
WV-02 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
145 |
George Van Eman Lawrence |
R |
PA-24 |
March 4, 1865 |
146 |
William Lawrence |
R |
OH-04 |
March 4, 1865 |
147 |
John Lynch |
R |
ME-01 |
March 4, 1865 |
148 |
Samuel S. Marshall |
D |
IL-11 |
March 4, 1865
Previous service, 1855–1859. |
149 |
Gilman Marston |
R |
NH-01 |
March 4, 1865
Previous service, 1859–1863. |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
150 |
Ulysses Mercur |
R |
PA-13 |
March 4, 1865 |
151 |
Hiram McCullough |
D |
MD-01 |
March 4, 1865 |
152 |
Samuel McKee |
D |
KY-09 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
153 |
Donald C. McRuer |
R |
CA-01 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
154 |
George F. Miller |
R |
PA-14 |
March 4, 1865 |
155 |
Samuel W. Moulton |
D |
IL |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
156 |
William A. Newell |
R |
NJ-02 |
March 4, 1865
Previous service, 1847–1851. |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
157 |
William E. Niblack |
D |
IN-01 |
March 4, 1865
Previous service, 1857–1861. |
158 |
John A. Nicholson |
D |
DE |
March 4, 1865 |
159 |
Thomas E. Noell |
D |
MO-03 |
March 4, 1865 |
160 |
Halbert E. Paine |
R |
WI-01 |
March 4, 1865 |
161 |
Charles E. Phelps |
R |
MD-03 |
March 4, 1865 |
162 |
Tobias A. Plants |
R |
OH-15 |
March 4, 1865 |
163 |
Henry J. Raymond |
R |
NY-06 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
164 |
Burwell C. Ritter |
D |
KY-02 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
165 |
Lovell Rousseau |
D |
KY-05 |
March 4, 1865 |
Resigned on July 21, 1866 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member.
Returned to the House on December 3, 1866 and left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
166 |
Philetus Sawyer |
R |
WI-05 |
March 4, 1865 |
167 |
George S. Shanklin |
D |
KY-07 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
168 |
Samuel Shellabarger |
R |
OH-07 |
March 4, 1865
Previous service, 1861–1863. |
169 |
Charles Sitgreaves |
D |
NJ-03 |
March 4, 1865 |
170 |
Thomas N. Stilwell |
R |
IN-11 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
171 |
Stephen Taber |
D |
NY-01 |
March 4, 1865 |
172 |
Nelson Taylor |
D |
NY-05 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
173 |
John Lewis Thomas, Jr. |
D |
MD-02 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
174 |
Anthony Thornton |
D |
IL-10 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
175 |
Lawrence S. Trimble |
D |
KY-01 |
March 4, 1865 |
176 |
Rowland E. Trowbridge |
R |
MI-05 |
March 4, 1865
Previous service, 1861–1863. |
177 |
Henry Van Aernam |
R |
NY-31 |
March 4, 1865 |
178 |
Burt Van Horn |
R |
NY-29 |
March 4, 1865
Previous service, 1861–1863. |
179 |
Robert T. Van Horn |
R |
MO-06 |
March 4, 1865 |
180 |
Hamilton Ward, Sr. |
R |
NY-27 |
March 4, 1865 |
181 |
Samuel L. Warner |
R |
CT-02 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
182 |
Martin Welker |
R |
OH-14 |
March 4, 1865 |
183 |
John Wentworth |
D |
IL-01 |
March 4, 1865
Previous service, 1843–1851 and 1853–1855. |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
184 |
Stephen F. Wilson |
R |
PA-18 |
March 4, 1865 |
185 |
Edwin R. V. Wright |
D |
NJ-05 |
March 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
|
Nathaniel P. Banks |
D |
MA-06 |
December 4, 1865
Previous service, 1853–1857. |
|
Robert S. Hale |
R |
NY-16 |
December 4, 1865 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
|
Isaac R. Hawkins |
R |
TN-07 |
December 4, 1865 |
|
Henry D. Washburn |
R |
IN-07 |
February 23, 1866 |
|
John W. Chanler |
R |
NY-08 |
April 7, 1866 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
|
William Henry Koontz |
R |
PA-16 |
July 18, 1866 |
|
Samuel M. Arnell |
R |
TN-06 |
July 24, 1866 |
|
William B. Campbell |
R |
TN-05 |
July 24, 1866
Previous service, 1837–1843. |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
|
Edmund Cooper |
R |
TN-04 |
July 24, 1866 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
|
John W. Leftwich |
D |
TN-08 |
July 24, 1866 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
|
Horace Maynard |
R |
TN-02 |
July 24, 1866
Previous service, 1857–1863. |
|
William Brickly Stokes |
R |
TN-03 |
July 24, 1866
Previous service, 1859–1861. |
|
Nathaniel G. Taylor |
R |
TN-01 |
July 24, 1866
Previous service, 1854–1855. |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
|
Elijah Hise |
D |
KY-03 |
December 3, 1866 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
|
Andrew H. Ward |
D |
KY-06 |
December 3, 1866 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
|
John W. Hunter |
R |
NY-03 |
December 4, 1866 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |
|
Turner M. Marquette |
R |
NE-01 |
March 2, 1867 |
Left the House in 1867 while still serving in the House as a U.S. Congress member. |