CD31

Platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 2KY5
Identifiers
Symbols	PECAM1 ; CD31; CD31/EndoCAM; GPIIA'; PECA1; PECAM-1; endoCAM
External IDs	OMIM: 173445 MGI: 97537 HomoloGene: 47925 GeneCards: PECAM1 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • protein binding Cellular component • extracellular space • plasma membrane • integral component of membrane • cell junction • platelet alpha granule membrane • extracellular exosome Biological process • platelet degranulation • phagocytosis • cell adhesion • signal transduction • blood coagulation • cell recognition • platelet activation • extracellular matrix organization • leukocyte migration • diapedesis • glomerular endothelium development Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	5175	18613
Ensembl	ENSG00000261371	ENSMUSG00000020717
UniProt	P16284	Q08481
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000442	NM_001032378
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000433	NP_001027550
Location (UCSC)	Chr 17: 64.32 – 64.41 Mb	Chr 11: 106.65 – 106.75 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) also known as cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PECAM1 gene found on chromosome 17. PECAM-1 plays a key role in removing aged neutrophils from the body.

Function

PECAM-1 is found on the surface of platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, and some types of T-cells, and makes up a large portion of endothelial cell intercellular junctions. The encoded protein is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is likely involved in leukocyte transmigration, angiogenesis, and integrin activation.

Tissue distribution

CD31 is normally found on endothelial cells, platelets, macrophages and Kupffer cells, granulocytes, T / NK cells, lymphocytes, megakaryocytes, osteoclasts, neutrophils.

CD31 is also expressed in certain tumors, including epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, epithelioid sarcoma-like hemangioendothelioma, other vascular tumors, histiocytic malignancies, and plasmacytomas. It is rarely found in some sarcomas, such as Kaposi's sarcoma, and carcinomas.

Immunohistochemistry

Micrograph of an angiosarcoma stained with a CD31 immunostain.

In immunohistochemistry, CD31 is used primarily to demonstrate the presence of endothelial cells in histological tissue sections. This can help to evaluate the degree of tumour angiogenesis, which can imply a rapidly growing tumour. Malignant endothelial cells also commonly retain the antigen, so that CD31 immunohistochemistry can also be used to demonstrate both angiomas and angiosarcomas. It can also be demonstrated in small lymphocytic and lymphoblastic lymphomas, although more specific markers are available for these conditions.

External links

• Mouse CD Antigen Chart
• Human CD Antigen Chart