Neuropilin
| neuropilin 1 | |
|---|---|
| File:Neuropilin.png
Crystallographic structure of the dimeric B1 domain of human neuropilin 1.[1]
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| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | NRP1 |
| Entrez | 8829 |
| HUGO | 8004 |
| OMIM | 602069 |
| PDB | 3I97 |
| RefSeq | NM_001024628 |
| UniProt | O14786 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 10 p12 |
| neuropilin 2 | |
|---|---|
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | NRP2 |
| Entrez | 8828 |
| HUGO | 8005 |
| OMIM | 602070 |
| RefSeq | NM_201279 |
| UniProt | O60462 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 2 q34 |
Neuropilin is a protein receptor active in neurons.
There are two forms of Neuropilins, NRP-1 and NRP-2. They are transmembrane glycoproteins, and predominantly co-receptors for another class of proteins known as semaphorins. Of the semaphorins, NRP-1 and NRP-2 are specifically receptors for class-3 semaphorins, which, among many things, are responsible for axon guidance during the development of the nervous system in vertebrates.
Neuropilins work as co-receptors as they have a very small cytoplasmic domain and thus rely upon other molecules (normally plexins) to transduce their signals across a cell membrane. Neuropilins generally work as dimers and different combinations have different affinities for molecules. For example, NRP-1 homodimers have high affinity for Sema-3A, whilst NRP-2 homodimers have high affinity for Sema-3F.
Another ligand for neuropilins is VEGF, a growth factor involved in the regulation of angiogenesis.
Applications
Neuropilin-1 is a therapeutic target protein in the treatment for leukemia and lymphoma, since It has been shown that there is increased expression in neuropilin-1 in leukemia and lymphoma cell lines.[2] Also, antagonism of neuropilin-1 has been found to inhibit tumour cell migration and adhesion.[3]
Structure
Neuropilins contain the following four domains:
- N-terminal CUB domain (for complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, Bmp1)
- Coagulation factor 5/8 type, C-terminal (discoidin domain)
- MAM domain (for meprin, A-5 protein, and receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase mu)
- C-terminal neuropilin
The structure of B1 domain (coagulation factor 5/8 type) of neuropilin-1 was determined through X-Ray Diffraction with a resolution of 2.90 Å. The secondary structure of this domain is 5% alpha helical and 46% beta sheet.[1]
Ramachandran plot.[4]
References
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- Neuropilins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
